.berlin (dotBERLIN) is a proposed new top level domain (TLD) A top-level domain or domain name is the highest level of domain names in the root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the label that follows the last dot of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com, the top-level. It is a Sponsored top-level domain A sponsored top-level domain is one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet intended to be a top level domain for Berliners.
According to the dotBERLIN organization .berlin will allow all Berliners to register their domains under .berlin [1]
Along with TLDs such as .cat .cat is a sponsored top-level domain intended to be used to highlight the Catalan language and culture. Its policy has been developed by ICANN and Fundació puntCAT. It was approved in September 2005, .asia .asia is a sponsored top-level domain sponsored by the DotAsia Organization, with the back-end registry operated by Afilias. It was approved by ICANN on 19 October 2006 as a sponsored TLD. It will serve as a regional domain for companies, organisations, and individuals based in the region of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific and .eu .eu is the country code top-level domain for the European Union (EU). Launched 7 December 2005, the domain is available for organisations and citizens in EU member states. The TLD is administered by EURid, a consortium consisting of the national ccTLD registry operators of Belgium, Sweden, Italy and the Czech Republic. Trademark owners were able, .berlin and other proposed TLDs fall into the new category of GeoTLDs. The issue of new top level domains in general and .berlin in particular has been discussed at various ICANN ICANN is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. Headquartered in Marina Del Rey, California, United States, ICANN is a non-profit corporation that was created on September 18, 1998 in order to oversee a number of Internet-related tasks previously performed directly on behalf of the U.S. government by other organizations, notably-Meetings since 2005.[2]
A rationale offered by proponents of the .berlin proposal is as follows:
- .berlin is the independent top-level domain of the community of Berliners in the Internet. The local addresses available with this are concise and create an identity for citizens, companies and institutions. Those providing and looking for information, goods and services can thus intuitively come together. The .berlin domains strengthen the feeling of community amongst Berliners, improve communication and make interaction easier, thus providing a stimulus for innovation and development. Both for Berliners and for non-Berliners, places called Berlin become more attractive as a place to visit, as a commercial location and as a place to live.[3]
References
- ^ "New Paper Discusses Global City TLD’s in the Public Interest". http://www.circleid.com/posts/87239_global_city_top_level_domains/.
- ^ cityTLD Literature
- ^ "Website for the .berlin campaign". http://www.dotberlin.de/en/company.
External links
| Generic top-level domains A top-level domain or domain name is the highest level of domain names in the root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the label that follows the last dot of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com, the top-level |
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| general A generic top-level domain is one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet |
.biz biz is a generic top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the Internet. It is intended for registration of domains to be used by businesses. The name is a phonetic spelling of the first syllable of business · .com com is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) within the Domain Name System of the Internet. It was one of the original top-level domains (TLDs), the others being edu, gov, mil, net, org, and arpa established in January 1985. It has grown to be the largest TLD in use · .info info is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet, intended for general-purpose networks and informative websites, although its use is not theme-restricted · .name name is a generic top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the Internet. It is intended for the use by individuals for representation of their real names, nicknames, screen names, pseudonyms, or other personal or fictional names. The top-level domain was delegated to Global Name Registry in 2001, although it did not become fully operational · .net net is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) used on the Internet's Domain Name System. The net gTLD is currently operated by VeriSign. Registrations are processed via accredited registrars and internationalized domain names are also accepted (see details) · .org org is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) of the Domain Name System (DNS) used in the Internet. org is sometimes pronounced in word form as 'org', 'dot-org', or 'dot-oh-are-gee (O R G)' · .pro also known as hunter wilsonpro is a generic top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the Internet intended for use by qualified professionals
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| Sponsored A sponsored top-level domain is one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet |
.aero aero is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) used in the Domain Name System of the Internet. It is the first sponsored top-level domain based on a single industrial theme. The aero domain is reserved for companies, organizations, associations, government agencies, and individuals in aviation-related fields. It was created in 2002 and is operated by · .asia .asia is a sponsored top-level domain sponsored by the DotAsia Organization, with the back-end registry operated by Afilias. It was approved by ICANN on 19 October 2006 as a sponsored TLD. It will serve as a regional domain for companies, organisations, and individuals based in the region of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific · .cat .cat is a sponsored top-level domain intended to be used to highlight the Catalan language and culture. Its policy has been developed by ICANN and Fundació puntCAT. It was approved in September 2005 · .coop coop is a sponsored top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the Internet. It is intended for the use of cooperatives, wholly owned subsidiaries, and other organizations that exist to promote or support co-operatives · .edu edu is the sponsored top-level domain (sTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet for educational institutions, primarily those in the United States. Although not officially mandated for much of the domain's existence, in practice it has been used primarily for U.S.-based four-year universities. Starting in 2001, it was officially restricted · .gov gov is a sponsored top-level domain (sTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet. It is restricted for use by government entities in the United States. The gov domain is administered by the General Services Administration (GSA), an independent agency of the United States federal government. The URL for registration services is http://www · .int int is a sponsored top-level domain (sTLD) used in the Domain Name System of the Internet · .jobs .jobs is a top-level internet domain format approved by ICANN on April 8, 2005 as a sponsored TLD as part of the second group of new TLD applications submitted in 2004. It is restricted to employment-related sites. It entered the root in September, 2005, and began accepting registrations later in the year · .mil mil is the sponsored top-level domain (sTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet for the United States Department of Defense and its subsidiary or affiliated organizations. It was one of the first top-level domains, created in January 1985 · .mobi .mobi is a top-level domain (TLD) approved by ICANN on 11 July 2005 and managed by the mTLD global registry dedicated to delivering the Internet to mobile devices via the Mobile Web. It is financially backed and sponsored by Google, Microsoft, Nokia, Samsung, Ericsson, Vodafone, T-Mobile, Telefónica Móviles, Telecom Italia Mobile, Orascom · .museum museum is a sponsored top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the Internet used exclusively by museums, museum associations, and individual members of the museum profession, as these groups are defined by the International Council of Museums (ICOM). In joint action with the J. Paul Getty Trust, ICOM established the Museum Domain Management · .tel .tel is a top-level domain approved by ICANN as a sponsored TLD and operated by Telnic. Telnic announced in May 2009 that 200,000 .tel domains had been registered since General Availability on March 24th 2009 · .travel .travel is a top-level domain approved by ICANN on April 8, 2005, as a sponsored TLD in the second group of new TLD applications evaluated in 2004. It is restricted to the use of travel agents, airlines, bed and breakfast operators, tourism bureaus, and others in the travel industry. It is sponsored by Tralliance Registry Management Company
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.arpa arpa is an Internet top-level domain used exclusively for Internet infrastructure purposes. The name is a backronym for Address and Routing Parameter Area
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.nato .nato was an Internet top-level domain. The nato TLD was added in the late 1980s by InterNIC for the use of NATO, who felt that none of the then existing TLDs adequately reflected their status as an international organization. Soon after this addition, however, the .int TLD was created for the use of international organizations, and NATO was
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| Reserved A top-level domain or domain name is the highest level of domain names in the root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the label that follows the last dot of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com, the top-level |
.example The reasons for reservation of these top-level domain names is to reduce the likelihood of conflict and confusion. This allows the use of these names for either documentation purposes or in local testing scenarios · .invalid invalid is a name reserved by the Internet Engineering Task Force in RFC 2606 (June 1999) that is not intended to be installed as a top-level domain in the global Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet · .localhost The reasons for reservation of these top-level domain names is to reduce the likelihood of conflict and confusion. This allows the use of these names for either documentation purposes or in local testing scenarios · .test test is a name reserved by the Internet Engineering Task Force in RFC 2606 (June 1999) that is not intended to be installed as a top-level domain (TLD) in the global Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet for production use
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| Pseudo A number of pseudo-top-level domains to be used in naming computers have been defined at various times. These "pseudo-TLDs" include .bitnet, .csnet, .exit, .i2p, .local, .onion, .oz, .freenet and .uucp. Although these pseudo-TLDs look like top-level domains, and serve the same syntactic function in creating names for network endpoints, |
.bitnet .bitnet was a pseudo-domain-style suffix used in the late 1980s when identifying a hostname not connected directly to the Internet but possibly reachable through inter-network gateways. In this case, it indicated that the hostname preceding it was reachable via the BITNET network. This was one of several apparent "top-level domains" that · .csnet .csnet was a pseudo-domain-style suffix used when identifying a hostname not connected directly to the Internet but possibly reachable through inter-network gateways. In this case, it indicated that the hostname preceding it was reachable via the CSNET network. This was one of several apparent "top-level domains" that were not actually · .local local is a pseudo-top-level domain used in multicast domain name service of zero configuration networking discovery protocols. It is also often used by administrators of Microsoft Windows Active Directory environments as a top-level Domain Name System (DNS) domain for an internal organizational network that is not intended to be reachable directly · .root vrsn-end-of-zone-marker-dummy-record.root is a domain name listed in the DNS root zone as a diagnostic marker, whose presence demonstrates the root zone was not truncated upon loading by a root nameserver. It could be argued it represents a top-level domain of .root, although technically no such delegation exists · .uucp .uucp was a pseudo-domain-style suffix used in the late 1980s when identifying a hostname not connected directly to the Internet but possibly reachable through inter-network gateways. In this case, it indicated that the hostname preceding it was reachable by UUCP networking. This was one of several apparent "top-level domains" that were · .onion .onion is a pseudo-top-level domain host suffix designating an anonymous hidden service reachable via the Tor network. Such addresses are not actual DNS names, and the .onion TLD is not in the Internet DNS root, but with the appropriate proxy software installed, Internet programs such as Web browsers can access sites with .onion addresses by · .exit .onion is a pseudo-top-level domain host suffix designating an anonymous hidden service reachable via the Tor network. Such addresses are not actual DNS names, and the .onion TLD is not in the Internet DNS root, but with the appropriate proxy software installed, Internet programs such as Web browsers can access sites with .onion addresses by
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Categories: Proposed top-level domains | Berlin culture | Science and technology in Germany
