Year 1621 (MDCXXI Roman numerals are a numeral system of ancient Rome based on letters of the alphabet, which are combined to signify the sum of their values. The first ten Roman numerals are:) was a common year starting on Friday This is the calendar for any common year starting on Friday . Examples: Gregorian years 1993, 1999 & 2010 or Julian years 1910 & 1899 (see bottom tables) (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was first proposed by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius, and decreed by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, on 24 February 1582 by the papal bull Inter gravissimas (or a common year starting on Monday This is the calendar for any common year starting on Monday . Examples: Gregorian year 1990, 2001 & 2007 or Julian year 1918 (see bottom tables) of the 10-day slower Julian calendar The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, and came into force in 45 BC . It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year, known at least since Hipparchus. It has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12).
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Events of 1621
January – June
- February 9 February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 325 days remaining until the end of the year – Pope Gregory XV succeeds Pope Paul V as the 234th pope The Pope is the Bishop of Rome and as such is the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church (that is, all Latin Rite and Eastern Rite churches which are in full communion with the Roman Pontiff). The Pope is also head of state of Vatican City. The current (265th) pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in papal conclave.
- February 17 February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 317 days remaining until the end of the year – Miles Standish is appointed as the first commander of Plymouth Colony Plymouth Colony was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 - 1691. The first settlement was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement, which served as the capital of the colony, is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts. At its height, Plymouth Colony occupied most of.
- March 16 March 16 is the 75th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 290 days remaining until the end of the year – Samoset Samoset was the first Native American to make contact with the Pilgrims. On March 16, 1621, the settlers were more than surprised when Samoset strolled straight through the middle of the encampment at Plymouth Colony and greeted them in English. He was a member of an Abenaki tribe that resided at that time in Maine. He was a sagamore (subordinate, a Mohegan, visits the settlers of Plymouth Colony and greets them, "Welcome, Englishmen! My name is Samoset."
- March 22 March 22 is the 81st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 284 days remaining until the end of the year – The Pilgrims Pilgrims, or Pilgrim Fathers, is a name commonly applied to the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth, Massachusetts. Their leadership came from a religious congregation who had fled a volatile political environment in the East Midlands. The colony, established in 1620, became the second successful English settlement in of Plymouth Colony Plymouth Colony was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 - 1691. The first settlement was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement, which served as the capital of the colony, is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts. At its height, Plymouth Colony occupied most of sign a peace treaty with Massasoit of the Wampanoags The Wampanoag are a Native American nation which currently consists of five tribes.
- April 1 April 1 is the 91st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 274 days remaining until the end of the year. April 1 is most notable in the Western world for being April Fools' Day – The Plymouth Plymouth ( ˈplɪməθ ) is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England, about 190 miles (310 km) south west of London. It is built between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound. Since 1967 the unitary authority of Plymouth has included the suburbs of Plympton and, Massachusetts The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɨts/ ) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Most of its population of 6.4 million lives in the colonists create the first treaty with native Americans.
- April 5 April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 270 days remaining until the end of the year – The Mayflower The vessel left England on September 6 /September 16 (New Style), and after a gruelling 66-day journey marked by disease, which claimed two lives, the ship dropped anchor inside the hook tip of Cape Cod (Provincetown Harbor) on November 11/November 21. The Mayflower was originally destined for the mouth of the Hudson River, near present-day New sets sail from Plymouth Plymouth is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the largest municipality in Massachusetts by area. The population was 51,701 at the 2000 census, with an estimated 2008 population of 58,681. Plymouth is one of two county seats of Plymouth County, the other being Brockton. It is named after Plymouth, Devon, England, which on a return trip to England England /ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population, while its mainland territory occupies most of the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain. England is bordered by Scotland to the north, Wales to the west and the North Sea, Irish Sea, Celtic Sea,.
- May 24 May 24 is the 144th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 221 days remaining until the end of the year – The Protestant Union is formally dissolved.
- June 21 June 21 is the 172nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 193 days remaining until the end of the year – Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily (though not exclusively) in Germany and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. Naval warfare also reached overseas and shaped the colonial formation of future nations: Twenty-seven Czech Czechs are a western Slavic people of Central Europe, living predominantly in the Czech Republic. Small populations of Czechs also live in Slovakia, Austria, U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Canada, Germany, Russia and other countries. They speak the Czech language, which is closely related to the Slovak and Upper Sorbian language lords are executed on the Old Town Square in Prague Prague (English pronunciation: /ˈprɑːɡ/; Czech: Praha pronounced [ˈpraɦa] , see also other names) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain The Battle of White Mountain, 8 November 1620 was an early battle in the Thirty Years' War in which an army of 15,000 Bohemians and mercenaries under Christian of Anhalt were routed by 27,000 men of the combined armies of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor under Karel Bonaventura Buquoy (as he is known in Czech; Charles in his native French) and of.
July – December
- October October (help·info) is the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old Roman calendar, October retained its name (from the Latin "octo" meaning "eight") when January and February were added – The Pilgrims Pilgrims, or Pilgrim Fathers, is a name commonly applied to the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth, Massachusetts. Their leadership came from a religious congregation who had fled a volatile political environment in the East Midlands. The colony, established in 1620, became the second successful English settlement in of Plymouth Colony Plymouth Colony was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 - 1691. The first settlement was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement, which served as the capital of the colony, is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts. At its height, Plymouth Colony occupied most of and Wampanoags The Wampanoag are a Native American nation which currently consists of five tribes celebrate a harvest feast (3 days), later regarded as the "First Thanksgiving Thanksgiving Day is a harvest festival. Traditionally, it is a time to give thanks for the harvest and express gratitude in general. It is a holiday celebrated primarily in Canada and the United States. While perhaps religious in origin, Thanksgiving is now primarily identified as a secular holiday", noted for peaceful co-existence The term symbiosis commonly describes close and often long-term interactions between different biological species. The term was first used in 1879 by the German mycologist Heinrich Anton de Bary, who defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms.".
- November 11 November 11 is the 315th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 50 days remaining until the end of the year – The ship Fortune arrives at Plymouth Colony Plymouth Colony was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 - 1691. The first settlement was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement, which served as the capital of the colony, is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts. At its height, Plymouth Colony occupied most of, with 35 more settlers.
Undated
- The Venezuelan city of Petare is founded by Spanish conquistadors as San Jose de Guanarito.
- The Swedish city of Gothenburg Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborg ) /jœte'bɔrj/) is the second-largest city in Sweden (after Stockholm) and the fifth-largest amongst the Nordic countries. Situated on the south-west coast of Sweden, the city proper has a population of 501,452, with 622,287 in the urban area and total of 908,609 inhabitants in the metropolitan area is founded by Gustavus Adolphus Gustav II Adolf, or Gustav II Adolphus, widely known in English by the Latinized name Gustavus Adolphus and variously in historical writings sometimes as simply just Gustavus, or Gustavus the Great, or Gustav Adolf the Great, (Swedish: Gustav Adolf den store, from the special distinction passed by the Swedish Parliament in 1634), was founder of.
- Riga Riga (Latvian: Rīga, pronounced [riːɡa]) the capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states. The Historic Centre of Riga has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the city is particularly notable for its extensive Jugendstil (German Art Nouveau) falls under the rule of Sweden Sweden (pronounced /ˈswiːdən/ ), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the Öresund Bridge in the south.
- The Swedish king Gustav II Adolf grants city rights to Luleå Luleå ( listen , [lʉːlɛo]), (Lule sami: Luleju, Finnish: Luulaja) is a city at the coast of in northern Sweden with 45,467 inhabitants in 2005. It is the seat of Luleå Municipality and the capital of Norrbotten County, Piteå Piteå is located at the mouth of the Pite River , at the shore of the Bay of Bothnia. The central part is located on an islet called Häggholmen, which due to land elevation almost has become a part of the mainland; the land in northern Sweden rises at a rate of up to 9 mm (0.35 in) per year and Torneå Tornio is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. The municipality has a population of 22,457 (31 March 2009) and covers an area of 1,348.42 square kilometres (520.63 sq mi) of which 161.47 km2 (62.34 sq mi) is water. The population density is 18.92 inhabitants per square kilometre (49.0 /sq mi). It borders to the Swedish municipality of Haparanda (in (Tornio).
- The Dutch mathematician and astronomer, Willebrord Snel van Royen – Snellius (1580-1626), discovers the famous law of refraction, also known as "Snellius' law".
Births
- January 27 – Thomas Willis, English physician who made important contributions to anatomy, particularly of the brain and nervous system (d. 1675)
- February 2 – Johannes Schefferus, Alsatian-born humanist (d. 1679)
- February 21 – Rebecca Nurse, accused witch (d. 1692)
- March 31 – Andrew Marvell, English poet (d. 1678)
- April 1 – Guru Teg Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (d. 1675)
- April 25 – Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, British soldier, statesman, and dramatist (d. 1679)
- July 6 – Jean de La Fontaine, French writer (d. 1695)
- July 22 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, British politician (d. 1683)
- August 19 – Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, Dutch painter (d. 1674)
- September 8 – Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, French general (d. 1686)
- December 23 – Edmund Berry Godfrey, English magistrate (d. 1678)
- December 23 – Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1682)
Deaths
- January 28 – Pope Paul V (b. 1550)
- February 15 – Michael Praetorius, German composer (b. 1571)
- February 28 – Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1590)
- March 31 – King Philip III of Castile (Philip II of Portugal) (b. 1578)
- April 1 – Cristofano Allori, Italian painter (b. 1577)
- April 15 – John Carver, first governor of Plymouth Colony
- May 15 – Hendrick de Keyser, Dutch architect and sculptor (b. 1565)
- June 8 – Anne de Xainctonge, French saint (b. 1567)
- June 21 – Kryštof Harant z Polžic a Bezdružic, Bohemian composer, soldier, and author (executed) (b. 1564)
- July 2 – Thomas Harriot, English astronomer and mathematician (b. c. 1560)
- July 10 – Karel Bonaventura Buquoy, French soldier (b. 1571)
- July 13 – Archduke Albert of Austria, Governor of the Low Countries (b. 1559)
- August 3 – Guillaume du Vair, French writer (b. 1556)
- August 15 – John Barclay, Scottish writer (b. 1582)
- September 17 – Robert Bellarmine, Italian saint (b. 1542)
- September 24 – Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, Polish military commander (b. 1560)
- September 25 – Mary Sidney, English writer, patroness and translator (b. 1561)
- October 8 – Antoine de Montchrestien, French dramatist and economist (b. c. 1575)
- October 16 – Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Dutch composer (b. 1562)
- November 26 – Ralph Agas, English surveyor (b. c. 1540)
- December 13 – Katarina Stenbock, queen of Gustav I of Sweden (b. 1535)
- December 15 – Charles de Luynes, Constable of France (b. 1578)
Categories: 1621
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2008-11-13 21:23:13
Wednesday 12 November 2008: It's back to the Steam Fair again after a slight diversion. When I originally looked at my photos, this was my favourite - although I couldn't really decide why! I've now decided that there are two others . ...
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