1915 Information

Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar.

Events

Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.

January

• January – While working as a cook at New York's Sloan Hospital under an assumed name, Typhoid Mary infects 25 people, and is placed in quarantine for life.
• January 1
  • WWI: The battleship HMS Formidable is sunk off Lyme Regis, Dorset, England, by a German U-Boat.
  • The Battle of Broken Hill, a train ambush near Broken Hill, New South Wales, in Australia.
  • Harry Houdini does one of his straitjacket escape performances.^[1][2]
• January 12
  • The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the U.S. Congress.
  • The United States House of Representatives rejects a proposal to give women the right to vote.
• January 13 – An earthquake (6.8 in Richter scale) in Avezzano, Italy, kills more than 29,000.
• January 18 – Twenty-One Demands from Japan to China are made.
• January 19
  • Georges Claude patents the neon discharge tube for use in advertising.
  • German zeppelins bomb the cities of Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn in the United Kingdom for the first time, killing more than 20.
• January 21 – Kiwanis International is founded in Detroit, Michigan.
• January 28 – An act of the U.S. Congress designates the United States Coast Guard, begun in 1790, as a military branch.
• January 31 – WWI: Germany uses poison gas against the Russians.

February

• February 8 – The controversial film, The Birth of a Nation, directed by D.W. Griffith, premieres in Los Angeles, California.
• February 12 – In Washington, D.C. the first stone of the Lincoln Memorial is put into place.
• February 20 – In San Francisco, CA the Panama-Pacific International Exposition is opened.

March

• March – The 1915 locust plague breaks out in Palestine; it continues until October.
• March 3 – NACA, the predecessor of NASA, is founded.
• March 14
  • WWI: Off the coast of Chile, the Royal Navy force SMS Dresden to scuttle.
  • Britain, France and Russia agree to give Constantinople and the Bosporus to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the Bolshevik Revolution).
• March 18 – WWI: A British attack on the Dardanelles fails.
• March 19 – Pluto is photographed for the first time but is not then classified as a planet.
• March 25 – The U.S. submarine F-4 sinks off Hawaii; 21 are killed.
• March 26 – The Vancouver Millionaires Win the Stanley Cup over the Ottawa Senators three games to zero.
• March 28 – The first Roman Catholic Liturgy is celebrated by Archbishop John Ireland at the newly consecrated Cathedral of Saint Paul in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

April

• April 22 – WWI: Start of Second Battle of Ypres. First use of poison gas on the western Front.
• April 24 – Beginning of the Armenian Genocide.
• April 25 – WWI: Start of the Gallipoli Campaign. Lasted until January 1916.

May

• May 3 – John McCrae writes In Flanders Fields.
• May 5 – WWI: The Turks begin shelling Anzac Cove from a new position behind their lines.
• May 6 – Babe Ruth hits his first career home run off of Jack Warhop.
• May 7 – WWI: The RMS Lusitania is sunk by a German U-boat, killing 1,198.
• May 9 – WWI – Second Battle of Artois: German and French forces fight to a standstill.
• May 17 – The last purely Liberal government in the United Kingdom ends when Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith forms an all party coalition.
• May 22 – The Quintinshill railway disaster in Scotland leaves more than 200 dead.
• May 24 – WWI: Italy joins the Allies after they declare war on Austria-Hungary.
• May 25 – China agrees to Twenty-One Demands.
• May 29 – Teófilo Braga becomes president of Portugal.

June

• June 3 – Mexican Revolution: Troops of Obregon and Villa clash at León: Obregon loses his right arm in grenade attack but Villa is decisively defeated.
• June 9 – U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan resigns over a disagreement regarding his nation's handling of the RMS Lusitania sinking.
• June 16 – The British Women's Institute is founded.

July

• July 7 – An extremely overloaded International Railway (New York – Ontario) trolley with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, resulting in 15 casualties.
• July 24 – The steamer Eastland capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 844 lives.
• July 28 – The United States occupation of Haiti begins.

August

• August 5–August 23 – Hurricane Two of the 1915 Atlantic hurricane season over Galveston and New Orleans leaves 275 dead.
• August 6 – WWI – Battle of Sari Bair: The Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay.
• August 16 – The Entente promises the Kingdom of Serbia, should victory be achieved over Austro-Hungary and its allied Central Powers, the territories of Baranja, Srem and Slavonia from the Cisleithanian part of the Dual Monarchy; Bosnia and Herzegovina; and eastern Dalmatia (from the river of Krka to Bar).
• August 17 – Jewish American Leo Frank is lynched for the alleged murder of a 13-year-old girl in Atlanta, Georgia.
• August 31 – Jimmy Lavender of the Chicago Cubs pitches a no hitter against the New York Giants.

September

• September 6 – The first prototype tank is tested for the British Army for the first time.
• September 7 – Former cartoonist John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his Raggedy Ann doll.
• September 8 – A Zeppelin raid destroys No.61 Farringdon Road, London. It was rebuilt in 1917 and called The Zeppelin Building.
• September 11 – The Pennsylvania Railroad begins electrified commuter rail service between Paoli and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

October

• October 12 – WWI: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium.
• October 15 – WWI: Austria-Hungary invades the Kingdom of Serbia. Kingdom of Bulgaria enters the war, invading Kingdom of Serbia. The retreat of the Serbian First Army towards Greece begins the Serbian Campaign (WWI).
• October 19 – Mexican Revolution: The U.S. recognizes the Mexican government of Venustiano Carranza de facto (not de jure until 1917).
• October 23 – WWI: Torpedoing of the armored cruiser SMS Prinz Adalbert results in only three men being rescued from a crew of 675, the greatest single loss of life for the German Imperial Navy in the Baltic Sea during the War.
• October 27 – William Morris Hughes becomes the 7th Prime Minister of Australia.
• October 28 – The St. Johns School Fire in Peabody, Massachusetts kills twenty-one girls between the ages of 7 and 17.

November

• November – Sykes-Picot Agreement: The governments of Britain and France secretly agree to overtake the Middle-Eastern regions of the Ottoman Empire (mostly Syria and Iraq), and establish their own zones of influence.
• November 14 – A vision is allegedly encountered by various military personnel in Europe at 22:30 hours (as recounted on the television series One Step Beyond).
• November 18 – Release of the U.S. silent film Inspiration, the first mainstream movie in which a leading actress (Audrey Munson) appears nude.
• November 23 – The Triangle Film Corporation opens its new motion picture theater in Massillon, Ohio.
• November 24 – William J. Simmons revives the Civil War era Ku Klux Klan at Stone Mountain, Georgia.
• November 25 – The theory of general relativity is formulated.

December

• December 12 – Chinese president Yuan Shikai declares himself Emperor.
• December 23 – The HMHS Britannic, the largest individual British loss in WWI, departs Liverpool on her maiden voyage.
• December 25 – In WWI, British and German forces declare a Christmas truce, get out of the trenches and have a free-for-all kick-around football game in no-man's land.
• December 26 – The Irish Republican Brotherhood Military Council decides to stage a rising on Easter Sunday 1916.

Date unknown

• Alfred Wegener proposes the theory of Pangaea.
• Emory College is rechartered as Emory University, and plans to move its main campus from Oxford, Georgia to Atlanta.
• Lord Beaverbrook buys the Daily Express.
• The first stop sign appears in Detroit, Michigan.
• Women's suffrage is introduced in Denmark and Iceland.
• Franz Kafka's short novel Die Verwandlung is first published in Germany.

Births

January–February

• January 2 – John Hope Franklin, American historian (d. 2009)
• January 3
  • Sid Hudson, American baseball player (d. 2008)
  • Mady Rahl, German stage and film actress (d. 2009)
• January 5 – Arthur H. Robinson, American geographer and cartographer (d. 2004)
• January 6 – Don Edwards, American politician
• January 9 – Anita Louise, American actress (d. 1970)
• January 11 – Robert Blair Mayne, British soldier and co-founder of the Special Air Service (d. 1955)
• January 14 – Mark Goodson, American television game show producer (d. 1992)
• January 15 – Leo Mol, Ukrainian Canadian artist and sculptor (d. 2009)
• January 16 – Leslie H. Martinson, American television and film director
• January 18 – Santiago Carrillo, Spanish politician
• January 20 – Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan (d. 2006)
• January 23 – Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• January 24 – Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991)
• January 28 – Nien Cheng, Chinese-born American writer (d. 2009)
• January 29 – John Serry, Sr., American musician, composer, arranger (d. 2003)
• January 30
  • Joachim Peiper, German S.S. officer (d. 1976)
  • John Profumo, British cabinet minister (d. 2006)
• January 31
  • Alan Lomax, American folklorist and musicologist (d. 2002)
  • Thomas Merton, American monk and author (d. 1968)
• February 1
  • Artur London, Czech statesman (d. 1986)
  • Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (d. 2000)
• February 2 – Khushwant Singh, Indian writer
• February 4 – Sir Norman Wisdom, English comedian, singer, and actor (d. 2010)
• February 5 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
• February 7 – Teoctist Arăpaşu, Ex-Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (d. 2007)
• February 10 – Karl Winsch, American professional baseball player and manager (d. 2001)
• February 11 – Patrick Leigh Fermor, British author and soldier (d. 2011)
• February 14 – Ray Evans, American composer (d. 2007)
• February 16
  • Jim O'Hora, American college football coach (d. 2005)
  • Elisabeth Eybers, South African poet (d. 2007)
• February 19 – John Freeman, British politician
• February 23 – Paul Tibbets, American WWII bomber pilot (Enola Gay) (d. 2007)
• February 26 – Preacher Roe, American baseball player (d. 2008)
• February 28
  • Zero Mostel, American film and stage actor (A Funny Thing Happened On The Way To The Forum) (d. 1977)
  • Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1987)

March–April

• March 4 – Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997)
• March 6 – Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, Leader of the Dawoodi Bohra Community
• March 9 – John Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson, English pilot (d. 2001)
• March 10 – Harry Bertoia, Italian artist and designer (d. 1978)
• March 11 – Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)
• March 14 – Alexander Brott, Canadian conductor and composer (d. 2005)
• March 15 – Ferenc Sas, Hungarian football right-winger (died 1988)
• March 17 – Bill Roycroft, Australian equestrian (d. 2011)
• March 19 – Patricia Morison, American actress
• March 20
  • Rudolf Kirchschlaeger, Austrian politician (d. 2000)
  • Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1997)
• March 23 – Vasily Zaitsev, Soviet sniper (d. 1991)
• March 27 – Robert Lockwood Jr., American musician (d. 2006)
• March 30
  • Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977)
  • Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician
• March 31 – Albert Hourani, English historian (d. 1993)
• April 3 – Piet de Jong, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1967 until 1971
  • İhsan Doğramacı, Turkish physician and academic (d. 2010)
  • Axel Axgil, Danish LGBT rights activist (d. 2011)
• April 4 – Muddy Waters, African-American musician (d. 1983)
• April 7
  • Albert O. Hirschman, German-born economist
  • Billie Holiday, African-American singer (d. 1959)
  • Stanley Adams, American actor (d. 1977)
• April 8 – Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, author, and human rights activist (d. 2007)
• April 10
  • Harry Morgan, American actor and director (Dragnet and M*A*S*H) (d. 2011)
  • Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Founder of Azad Kashmir, Guerrilla leader who Led the Kashmir revolt against Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir.
• April 12 – Július Tomin, Czech writer known for promoting Interlingua (d. 2003)
• April 15 – Elizabeth Catlett, American-born artist
• April 21 – Anthony Quinn, Mexican actor (d. 2001)
• April 29 – Donald Mills, lead tenor of The Mills Brothers (d. 1999)
• April 30 – Elio Toaff, Italian rabbi

May–June

• May 1 – Archie Williams, American athlete (d. 1993)
• May 2 – Doris Fisher, American singer and songwriter (d. 2003)
• May 3 – Stu Hart, Canadian wrestling trainer (d. 2003)
• May 5 – Alice Faye, American entertainer (d. 1998)
• May 6 – Orson Welles, American actor and director (d. 1985)
• May 8 – Milton Meltzer, American author (d. 2009)
• May 10 – Denis Thatcher, British businessman, husband of UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (d. 2003)
• May 12 – Frère Roger, Swiss founder of the Taizé Community (d. 2005)
• May 15
  • Hilda Bernstein, English-born author, artist, and activist (d. 2006)
  • Mario Monicelli, Italian film director (d. 2010)
  • Paul Samuelson, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
• May 20 – Moshe Dayan, Israeli military leader and politician (d. 1981)
• May 26 – Sam Edwards, American actor (d. 2004)
• May 27
  • Esther Soré, Chilean musician (d. 1996)
  • Herman Wouk, American author
• May 29 – Karl Münchinger, German conductor (d. 1990)
• June 1 – John Randolph, American actor (d. 2004)
• June 2 – Tapio Wirkkala, Finnish designer (d. 1985)
• June 4 – Modibo Keita, former President of Mali (d. 1977)
• June 9 – Les Paul, American inventor and musician (d. 2009)
• June 10
  • Saul Bellow, Canadian-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
  • Peride Celal, Turkish author
• June 12 – David Rockefeller, American banker and philanthropist
• June 15
  • Kaiser Matanzima, President of the Transkei bantustan (d. 2003)
  • Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
• June 17
  • Karl Targownik, Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (d. 1996)
  • Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (d. 2011)
• June 24 – Sir Fred Hoyle, British astronomer (d. 2001)
• June 26
  • Charlotte Zolotow, American author
  • Paul Castellano, American gangster (d. 1985)
• June 28 – David Honeyboy Edwards, American musician (d. 2011)

July–August

• July 2 – Arthur Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington
• July 5 – John Woodruff, American athlete (d. 2007)
• July 15 – Albert Ghiorso, American nuclear scientist (d. 2010)
• July 17 – Fred Ball, American movie studio executive, actor, and the brother of comedienne Lucille Ball (d. 2007)
• July 24 – Enrique Fernando, Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court (d. 2004)
• July 26 – Pattabhi Jois, Indian yogi (d. 2009)
• July 28
  • Charles Townes, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • Frankie Yankovic, American accordion player (d. 1998)
• July 28 – Dick Sprang,American comic book artist during the golden age of comics and an explorer (d. 2000)
• August 3
  • Pete Newell, Canadian-born basketball coach (d. 2008)
  • Frank Arthur Calder, Canadian politician (d. 2006)
• August 4 – William Keene, American actor (d. 1992)
• August 12 – Michael Kidd, American choreographer (d. 2007)
• August 14 – Irene Hickson, American professional baseball player (d. 1995)
• August 19 – Ring Lardner Jr., American film screenwriter (d. 2000)
• August 22 – Hugh Paddick, British actor (d. 2000)
• August 25 – Walter Trampler, American violist (d. 1997)
• August 27 – Norman F. Ramsey, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
• August 28
  • Tasha Tudor, American illustrator (d. 2008)
  • Max Robertson, British sports commentator (d. 2009)
  • Tol Avery, American actor (d. 1973)
• August 29 – Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (d. 1982)
• August 30
  • Lilian Craig, British-born, Swedish princess
  • Robert Strassburg, American composer (d. 2003)

September–October

• September 2 – Meinhardt Raabe, American actor (d. 2010)
• September 3 – Knut Nystedt, Norwegian composer
• September 8
  • Frank Cady, American actor
  • Frank Pullen, English business person and racehorse owner (d. 1992)
• September 10 – Viva Leroy Nash, American murderer, oldest death row inmate (d. 2010)
• September 12 – Frank McGee, American television personality (d. 1974)
• September 14
  • John Dobson, American astronomer
  • Douglas Kennedy, American actor (d. 1973)
• September 15
  • Ismail Yasin, Egyptian comedian and actor (d. 1972)
  • Helmut Schon, German football player and manager (d. 1996)
• September 17
  • M. F. Husain, Indian artist (d. 2011)
  • Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez, Spanish-born philosopher (d. 2011)
• September 23
  • Julius Baker, American flautist (d. 2003)
  • Clifford Shull, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
• September 29 – Vincent DeDomenico, American entrepreneur (d. 2007)
• September 30 – Lester Maddox, Governor of Georgia (d. 2003)
• October 1 – T. Llew Jones, Welsh author and poet (d. 2009)
• October 13 – Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)
• October 15
  • Nellie Lutcher, American singer (d. 2007)
  • Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician
• October 17 – Arthur Miller, American playwright (d. 2005)
• October 19 – Farid al-Atrash, Arab composer, singer, virtuoso oud player, and actor (d. 1974)
• October 24
  • Bob Kane, American comic book artist/writer, creator of Batman (d. 1998)
  • Tito Gobbi, Italian operatic baritone (d. 1984)
• October 28 – Dody Goodman, American actress and dancer (d. 2008)
• October 29 – William Berenberg, American physician (d. 2005)
• October 30 – Jane Randolph, American actress (d. 2009)

November–December

• November 4 – Wee Kim Wee, 4th president of Singapore (d. 2005)
• November 9
  • André François, French cartoonist (d. 2005)
  • Sargent Shriver, American politician (d. 2011)
• November 11 – William Proxmire, U.S. Senator (d. 2005)
• November 12 – Roland Barthes, French philosopher and literary critic (d. 1980)
• November 17 – David "Stringbean" Akeman, American country music banjo player (d. 1973)
• November 19 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
• November 23 – John Dehner, American actor (d. 1992)
• November 25
  • Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (d. 2006)
  • Stanley Wilson, American musician (d. 1970)
• November 28 – Evald Okas, Estonian painter (d. 2011)
• November 30 – Brownie McGhee, American musician (d. 1996)
• November 30 – Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
• December 2 – Marais Viljoen, former President of South Africa (d. 2007)
• December 7 – Eli Wallach, American actor
• December 8 – Ernest Lehman, American screenwriter (d. 2005)
• December 9 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-born soprano (d. 2006)
• December 12 – Frank Sinatra, American entertainer (d. 1998)
• December 13 – Ross Macdonald, American-Canadian writer (d. 1983)
• December 17 – Robert A. Dahl, American political scientist
• December 19 – Édith Piaf, French singer (d. 1963)
• December 21 – Werner von Trapp, member of the Trapp Family Singers (d. 2007)
• December 22 – Barbara Billingsley, American actress (Leave It To Beaver) (d. 2010)
• December 27 – Gyula Zsengellér, Hungarian footballer (d. 1999)

Deaths

January–June

• January 13 – Mary Slessor, Scottish Christian missionary (b. 1848)
• January 14 – Richard Meux Benson, English founder of an Anglican religious order (b. 1824)
• January 23 – Anne Whitney American sculptor and poet (b. 1821)
• February 3 (executed for their part in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria):
  • Veljko Čubrilović (b. 1886)
  • Danilo Ilić (b. 1891)
• February 5 – Ross Barnes, American baseball player (b. 1850)
• February 18 – Frank James American outlaw (b. 1843)
• March 4 – William Willett, English promoter of daylight saving time (b. 1856)
• March 9 – François Faber, Luxembourgian cyclist (b. 1887) (killed in action)
• March 15 – George Llewelyn Davies, English soldier, inspiration for the "Lost Boys" of Peter Pan (b. 1893) (killed in action)
• March 31 – Wyndham Halswelle, Scottish runner (b. 1882) (killed in action)
• April 16 – Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (b. 1841)
• April 23
  • Rupert Brooke, English poet (b. 1887) (sepsis from an infected mosquito bite)
  • Frederick Fisher, Canadian VC recipient (killed in action) (b. 1894)
• April 27 – Alexander Scriabin, Russian composer (b. 1872)
• May 7
  • Charles Frohman, American theater producer, died on Lusitania (b. 1856)
  • Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt I, American sportsman, died on Lusitania (b. 1877)
• May 19 – Tony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player (born 1883)
• May 24 – Private John Condon, youngest British soldier to die during the First World War (b. c. 1901)
• May 26 – Julian Grenfell, poet (killed in action) (b. 1888)
• May 31 – Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, 18th Governor of New South Wales (b. 1845)
• June 7 – Charles Reed Bishop, preeminent businessman and philanthropist in Hawaii (b. 1822)
• June 25 – Tok Janggut, Malayan rebel leader (b. 1853) (killed in battle)

July–December

• July 2 – Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (b. 1830)
• July 16 – Ellen G. White, American prophetess, co-founder of Seventh-Day Adventism, most translated American author (b. 1827)
• August 20 – Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854)
• August 26 – John Bunny American silent film comedian (b. 1863)
• August 31 – Adolphe Pegoud, aviator (KIA) (b. 1889)
• September 9 – Albert Spalding, baseball player and sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850)
• September 11 – William Sprague IV, America politician from Rhode Island (b. 1830)
• September 13 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
• September 27 – Fergus Bowes-Lyon, brother of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (killed in battle) (b. 1889)
• October 12
  • Edith Cavell, nurse and war heroine (shot) (b. 1865)
  • Charles Sorley, British poet (killed in action) (b. 1895)
• October 23 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848)
• October 26 – August Bungert, German composer and poet (b. 1845)
• October 30 – Charles Tupper, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
• November 15 – Booker T. Washington, American educator (b. 1856)
• November 28 – Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1896)
• December 31 – Tommaso Salvini, Italian actor (b. 1829)

Nobel Prizes

• Chemistry – Richard Willstätter
• Literature – Romain Rolland
• Medicine – not awarded
• Peace – not awarded
• Physics – William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg

Notes

1. ^ "The Great Escape". Pawn Stars. History. 2011-05-9. No. 28, season 4.
2. ^ "No Jacket Can Hold Him", Life, accessed May 9, 2011.

References

• 1915 Coin Pictures
• Pictures of the 1915 Galveston Hurricane at the University of Houston Digital Library

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