Anglo-Welsh literature or Welsh Writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language English is a West Germanic language that developed in England and south-eastern Scotland during the Anglo-Saxon era. As a result of the military, economic, scientific, political, and cultural influence of the United Kingdom from the 18th century, and of the United States since the mid 20th century, it has become the lingua franca in many parts of by Welsh writers, especially if they either have subject matter relating to Wales Wales /ˈweɪlz/ (Welsh: Cymru; pronounced /ˈkəmrɨ/ (help·info)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, bordered by England to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. Wales has a population estimated at three million and is officially bilingual; both Welsh and English have equal status and bilingual signs are the or (as in the case of Anglo-Welsh poetry Anglo-Welsh poetry is a subset of Anglo-Welsh literature. The poetry written in English by those familiar with the Welsh language tends to be distinctive in its style and rhythms. While Dylan Thomas was sometimes described as Anglo-Welsh, he expressed distaste for the term in his radio addresses, published posthumously as "Quite Early One in particular) are influenced by the Welsh language Welsh is a member of the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales, in England by some along the Welsh border and in the Welsh immigrant colony in the Chubut Valley in Argentine Patagonia in terms of patterns of usage or syntax. It has been recognised as a distinctive entity only since the 20th century. The need for a separate identity for this kind of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh literature Welsh literature may be used to refer to any literature originating from Wales or by Welsh writers:, i.e. literature in the Welsh language. Many distinguished literary figures, such as Saunders Lewis, have written in both English and Welsh languages.

The main platforms for Anglo-Welsh literature were the journals Dock Leaves, Anglo-Welsh Review and Wales.

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Culture of Wales The culture of Wales is distinctive with its own language, customs, holidays and music
Festivals
Calennig · Dydd Santes Dwynwen Dydd Santes Dwynwen, literally meaning 'Day of Saint Dwynwen' in Welsh, is considered to be the Welsh equivalent to Valentine's Day and is celebrated on 25 January every year. It celebrates Dwynwen, the Welsh Saint of love. There is no completely verifiable reason as to why it is celebrated on this day; 25 January seems to have no significance · Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau · Saint David's Day Saint David's Day is the feast day of Saint David, the patron saint of Wales, and falls on 1 March each year. The date of March 1st was chosen in remembrance of the death of Saint David on that day in 589, and has been celebrated by followers since then. The date was declared a national day of celebration within Wales in the 18th century · Calan Mai In Wales, May 1 is a holiday known as Calan Mai or Calan Haf, which means the first day of summer. Celebrations start on the evening before, known as May Eve, with bonfires; as with Calan Gaeaf, the night before is an Ysbrydnos, or "spirit night," when spirits are out and about and divination is possible. The tradition of lighting · Calan Awst Gathering Day is a Welsh holiday associated with the harvest, involving gathering on hilltops or beside lakes at the beginning of August (Awst).[citation needed] Unlike with the Gaelic holiday of Lughnasa, there has not been a specific 'beginning of the harvest' festival in Wales for several hundred years.[citation needed] · Calan Gaeaf Calan Gaeaf is the name of the first day of winter in Wales, observed on 1 November. The night before is Nos Calan Gaeaf, an Ysbrydnos when spirits are abroad. People avoid churchyards, stiles, and crossroads, since spirits are thought to gather there · Gŵyl Mabsant · Eisteddfod An eisteddfod (Welsh: [əˈstɛðvɔd]; plural eisteddfodau [ə(i)stɛðˈvɔdaɨ]) is a Welsh festival of literature, music and performance. The tradition of such a meeting of Welsh artists dates back to at least the 12th century, when a festival of poetry and music was held by Rhys ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth at his court in Cardigan in 1176 but,
Dress
Traditional Welsh costume
Cuisine
Bara brith · Bara Lafwr Although actually a form of algae, laver is generally referred to as an edible seaweed that has a high mineral salt content, particularly iodine and iron. It is used for making laverbread, a traditional Welsh dish, as well as eaten as a complement to rice in Japan and Korea (where it is called kim or gim). Particularly in Korea, it is sometimes · Cawl · Cawl Cennin The leek, Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum , also sometimes known as Allium porrum, is a vegetable which belongs, along with the onion and garlic, to the Alliaceae family. Two related vegetables, the elephant garlic and kurrat, are also variant subspecies of Allium ampeloprasum, although different in their uses as food · Crempog · Gower cuisine · Selsig Morgannwg · Tatws Pum Munud · Welsh breakfast A full breakfast is a traditional cooked meal, typically and originally eaten at breakfast, though now often served at other times during the day. Common alternative names for the dish include bacon and eggs, the fry-up and the traditional breakfast · Welsh cake · Welsh rarebit
Land division
Cymwd A commote , sometimes spelt in older documents as cymwd, was a secular division of land in Medieval Wales. The word derives from the prefix cym- ("together", "with") and the noun bod ("home, abode"). The English word "commote" is derived from the Middle Welsh cymwt · Cantref · Historic counties The historic counties of Wales are ancient subdivisions of Wales. They were used for various functions for several hundred years, but have been largely superseded by contemporary subnational divisions, some of which bear some limited similarity to the historic entities in name and extent. They are alternatively known as ancient counties
Language
Welsh (Cymraeg) Welsh is a member of the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales, in England by some along the Welsh border and in the Welsh immigrant colony in the Chubut Valley in Argentine Patagonia · Welsh English Welsh English, Anglo-Welsh, or Wenglish refers to the dialects of English spoken in Wales by Welsh people. The dialects are significantly influenced by Welsh grammar and often include words derived from Welsh. In addition to the distinctive words and grammar, there is a variety of accents found across Wales from the South Wales Valleys to · History of the Welsh language The history of the Welsh language spans over 1400 years, encompassing the stages of the language known as Old Welsh, Middle Welsh, and Modern Welsh · Welsh placenames · Welsh surnames · Welsh medium education Education delivered through the medium of the Welsh language is known as Welsh medium education · Y Fro Gymraeg Y Fro Gymraeg (literally 'The Welsh Language Area', pronunciation: "UH vroh gum-ray-g") is a name often used to refer to the linguistic area in Wales where the Welsh language is maintained by the majority or a large part of the population; it is the heartland of the Welsh language and comparable in that respect to the Gàidhealtachd of
Law
Welsh law Welsh law, the law of Wales, was traditionally first codified by Hywel Dda during the period between 942 and 950 when he was king of most of Wales. In Welsh it is usually called Cyfraith Hywel, the Law of Hywel. The tradition states that Hywel's men adapted existing laws and some elements are probably of much greater antiquity, with points of · Contemporary Welsh law Contemporary Welsh Law is a term applied to the body of primary and secondary legislation generated by the National Assembly of Wales, according to newly devolved authority granted in the United Kingdom parliament Government of Wales Act 2006. Each piece of Welsh legislation is known as an Assembly Measure. The first Assembly Measure to be
Literature Welsh literature may be used to refer to any literature originating from Wales or by Welsh writers:
Welsh-language literature · English-language literature · Medieval Welsh literature · Welsh-language authors · Welsh-language poets
Music Wales has a strong and distinctive link with music. The country is traditionally referred to as "the land of song". This is a modern stereotype based on 19th century conceptions of Nonconformist choral music and 20th century male voice choirs, Eisteddfodau and arena singing, such as sporting events. Though this disguises the fact that
Cerdd Dant · Crwth The crwth is an archaic stringed musical instrument, associated particularly with Welsh music, although once played widely in Europe · Cymanfa Ganu · Cynghanedd In Welsh language poetry, Cynghanedd is the basic concept of sound-arrangement within one line, using stress, alliteration and rhyme. The various forms of cynghanedd show up in the definitions of all formal Welsh verse forms, such as the awdl. Though of ancient origin, cynghanedd and variations of it are still used today by many Welsh-language · Noson Lawen · Pibgorn · Tabwrdd · Telyn Deires The Welsh triple harp is a type of harp using three rows of strings instead of the common single row. The Welsh triple harp today is found mainly among players of traditional Welsh folk music · Twmpath · Welsh bagpipes
Mythology
Welsh mythology Welsh mythology, the remnants of the mythology of the pre-Christian Britons, has come down to us in much altered form in medieval Welsh manuscripts such as the Red Book of Hergest, the White Book of Rhydderch, the Book of Aneirin and the Book of Taliesin · Matter of Britain The Matter of Britain is a name given collectively to the body of literature and legendary material associated with Great Britain and its legendary kings, particularly King Arthur. Together with the Matter of France, which concerned the legends of Charlemagne, and the Matter of Rome, which included material derived from or inspired by classical · Arthurian legend King Arthur is a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early sixth century. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians. The sparse
Sport The most popular sports in Wales are rugby union, cricket and football. Like the other countries of the United Kingdom, Wales enjoys independent representation in major world sporting events such as the FIFA World Cup, Rugby World Cup and in the Commonwealth Games, but competes as part of England in Cricket and Great Britain in many others,
Boxing · Cnapan Cnapan is a form of Medieval football which vaguely resembles some modern versions of football. The game is claimed to have originated in (and seems to have remained largely confined to) the western counties of Wales, especially Cardiganshire and Pembrokeshire · Cricket Cricket, as a sport, found its origins in England, with its first set of rules adopted in 1744. By 1787 the Marylebone Cricket Club, cricket's first ruling body was founded in London. Before the creation of the MCC, cricket had spread to Wales, with the first recorded match played at Llanegwad in Carmarthenshire. The first club to be mentioned is · Football Football in Wales is governed by the Football Association of Wales (FAW), which was established in 1876. The FAW oversees the Wales national football team and the Welsh football league system. Football is considered the second sport of Wales behind rugby union.[citation needed] · Rugby league Rugby league is a sport played in Wales. The governing body of the game in Wales is the Wales Rugby League · Rugby union Rugby union is the national sport of Wales and is considered a large part of national culture. Rugby is thought to have reached Wales in the 1850s, with the national body, the Welsh Rugby Union being formed in 1881. The national team play out of the WRU-owned Millennium Stadium, and compete annually in the Six Nations Championship, as well as
Symbols
Flag of Wales The Flag of Wales consists of a red dragon passant on a green and white field. As with many heraldic charges, the exact representation of the dragon is not standardised and many renderings exist · Flag of Saint David · List of Welsh flags · Welsh Dragon The Welsh Dragon appears on the national Flag of Wales (the flag itself is also called "Y Ddraig Goch") · Welsh heraldry · Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" , usually translated as "Land of My Fathers", is, by tradition, the national anthem of Wales. The words were written by Evan James and the tune composed by his son, James James, both residents of Pontypridd, Glamorgan, in January 1856. The earliest written copy survives and is part of the collections of the
Wales Portal Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is closely, but not completely, integrated both politically and geographically with England. Wales is located in the south-west of the island of Great Britain and is bordered by England to the east, the Bristol Channel (Welsh:Môr Hafren) to the south and the Irish Sea (Môr Iwerddon) to

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