In demographics Demographics or demographic data refers to selected population characteristics as used in government, marketing or opinion research, or the demographic profiles used in such research. Note the distinction from the term "demography" Commonly-used demographics include race, age, income, disabilities, mobility (in terms of travel time to, the center of population of a region is the geographical point nearest to all the inhabitants of that region, on average.
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Determination
Centers of population are usually computed by minimizing a population-weighted average of a distance Distance is a numerical description of how far apart objects are. In physics or everyday discussion, distance may refer to a physical length, a period of time, or an estimation based on other criteria . In mathematics, a distance function or metric is a generalization of the concept of physical distance. A metric is a function that behaves metric In mathematics, a metric or distance function is a function which defines a distance between elements of a set. A set with a metric is called a metric space. A metric induces a topology on a set but not all topologies can be generated by a metric. When a topological space has a topology that can be described by a metric, we say that the. In other words, for some place P, the distance from P to a list of populated places is computed, and the distance to each populated place from P is weighted by the population of that place. The choice of P for which such a weighted average has the lowest value is held to be the center of population for the particular list of populated places used.
In practice, the person or agency doing the calculation decides whether to represent the area of interest in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space Three-dimensional space is a geometric model of the physical universe in which we live. The three dimensions are commonly called length, width, and depth , although any three mutually perpendicular directions can serve as the three dimensions, and also the specific function to use for computing distances. For the particular case of flat maps, the center of population could also be defined as a center of mass The center of mass of a system of particles is a specific point at which, for many purposes, the system's mass behaves as if it were concentrated. The center of mass is a function only of the positions and masses of the particles that comprise the system. In the case of a rigid body, the position of its center of mass is fixed in relation to the (centroid In geometry, the centroid, geometric center, or barycenter of a plane figure X is the intersection of all straight lines that divide X into two parts of equal moment about the line. Informally, it is the "average" of all points of X. The definition extends to any object X in n-dimensional space: its centroid is the intersection of all) of the population of the area of interest.
Decisions are also made on the granularity (i.e., the "coarseness") of the population data, depending on population density patterns or other factors. For instance, the center of population of all the cities in a country may be different from the center of population of all the states (or provinces, or other subdivisions) in the same country. Different methods may yield different results.
Practical uses for finding the center of population include locating possible sites for forward capitals, such as Brasilia Brasília is the capital of Brazil. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,557,000 (3,599,000 in the metropolitan area) as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the fourth largest city in Brazil, ahead of Belo Horizonte and Fortaleza, Astana Astana , is the capital and second largest city (after Almaty) of Kazakhstan, with an officially estimated population of 750,700 as of November 2008. It is located in the north-central portion of Kazakhstan, within Akmola Province, though politically separate from the rest of the province or Austin Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the county seat of Travis County. Located in Central Texas and the American South, it is the fourth-largest city in Texas and the 15th-largest in the United States. It was the third-fastest-growing large city in the nation from 2000 to 2006. According to the 2009 U.S. Census estimate, Austin had. Practical selection of a new site for a capital is a complex problem that depends also on population density patterns and transportation networks.
World
It is important to use a culturally neutral method when dealing with the entire world. As described in [1], the solution methodology deals only with the globe, and not with a two-dimensional projection of the Earth's surface. As a result, the answer is independent of which map projection A map projection is any method of representing the surface of a sphere or other shape on a plane. Map projections are necessary for creating maps. All map projections distort the surface in some fashion. Depending on the purpose of the map, some distortions are acceptable and others are not; therefore different map projections exist in order to is used or where it is centered. As described above, the exact location of the center of population will depend on both the granularity of the population data used, and the distance metric. With geodesic In mathematics, a geodesic /ˌdʒiəˈdɛsɪk, -ˈdisɪk/[jee-uh-des-ik, -dee-sik] is a generalization of the notion of a "straight line" to "curved spaces". In the presence of a metric, geodesics are defined to be the shortest path between points on the space. In the presence of an affine connection, geodesics are defined to distances as the metric, and a granularity of 1,000 kilometers (600 mi), meaning that two population centers within 1000 km of each other are treated as part of a larger common population center of intermediate location, the world's center of population is found to lie "at the crossroads between China China has one of the world's oldest and continuous civilizations, consisting of states and cultures dating back more than six millennia.[citation needed] It has the world's longest continuously used written language system,[citation needed] and is viewed as the source of many major inventions. Historically, China's cultural sphere has extended, India India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east, India has a coastline of 7,517, Pakistan Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان Pākistān pronunciation ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia. It has a 1,046 kilometre (650 mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, the Republic of India in the east and the People's and Tajikistan Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhurii Tojikiston), is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and People's Republic of China to the east. Tajikistan also lies adjacent to Pakistan but is", essentially located in Afghanistan Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia. It is variously designated as geographically located within Central Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East. It is bordered by Iran in the south and west, Pakistan in the south and east, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, with an average distance of 5,200 kilometers (3,200 mi) to all humans [2]. The data used in the reference support this result to only a precision of a few hundred kilometers, hence the exact location is not known.
By country
Australia
Australia Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the mainland, which is both the world's smallest continent and the world's largest island, the island of Tasmania, and numerous other islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.N4 It is the only area of land simultaneously considered a continent, has not seen its population centroid move drastically since the creation of the country. In 1911, the centroid was in central New South Wales New South Wales is Australia's most populous state, located in the south-east of the country, north of Victoria, south of Queensland and east of South Australia. It was founded in 1788 and originally comprised much of the Australian mainland, as well as Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. New Zealand was not initially part of the colony, although; in 1996, it was only slightly farther northwest.[1]
Bangladesh
The center of population for Bangladesh Bangladesh (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ, pronounced [ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ]; Bangladesh), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh) is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma ( is close to Dhaka Dhaka , is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. Dhaka is a megacity and one of the major cities of South Asia. Located on the banks of the Buriganga River, Dhaka, along with its metropolitan area, has a population of over 12 million, making it the largest city in Bangladesh. Dhaka is known as the City of Mosques and.[citation needed]
Canada
In 1993, the mean population center of Canada Canada is a country occupying most of upper North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area and shares the world's longest common border with the United States to the south and northwest was found to be in the Township of Laxton, Digby and Longford, Victoria County,[citation needed] now part of the city of Kawartha Lakes, Ontario Ontario is a province located in east-central Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area. (Nunavut and the Northwest Territories are larger but are not provinces.) Ontario is bordered by the provinces of Manitoba to the west and Quebec to the east, and the U.S. states (from west to east) of Minnesota,.
Finland
In Finland Finland /ˈfɪnlənd/ , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish: Suomi; Swedish: Finland (help·info)), is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland. The capital city is, the center of population is located in the municipality of Hauho.[citation needed] It is moving slightly to the west and south every year because people are moving out of the periphery areas of northern and eastern Finland.
Germany
In Germany, the center of population is located in Spangenberg, Hesse Hesse is a state of Germany with an area of 21,110 km2 (8,150 sq mi) and just over six million inhabitants. The state capital is Wiesbaden. Hesse's largest city is nearby Frankfurt am Main. Hesse contributes the largest share to the Rhine Main Area close to Kassel Kassel [ˈkʰasəl] is a city situated on the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the Weser river . It is the administrative seat of the Kassel administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) and of the district (Kreis) of the same name. In 2007 the city had approximately 198,500 inhabitants and it covers an area of 107.[2]
Great Britain
The center of population in Great Britain Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest in Europe. With a population of approximately 58.9 million people, it is the third most populated island on Earth. Ireland is to its west, and it is surrounded by over 1000 smaller islands and islets did not move much in the 20th century. In 1901, it was in Rodsley, Derbyshire Derbyshire (pronounced /ˈdɑrbɪʃər/ DAR-bi-shər or /ˈdɑrbɪʃɪər/ DAR-bi-sheer) is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The northern part of Derbyshire overlaps with the Pennines, a famous chain of hills and mountains. The county contains part of the and in 1911 in Longford. In 1971 it was at Newhall, South Derbyshire and in 2000, it was in Appleby Parva, Leicestershire Leicestershire (pronounced /ˈlɛstərʃər/ or /ˈlɛstərʃɪər/ ), abbreviation Leics., is a landlocked county in central England. It takes its name from the heavily populated City of Leicester, traditionally its administrative centre, although the City of Leicester unitary authority is today administered separately from the rest of.[3][4]
Japan
The center of population of Japan Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters which make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is in Gifu Prefecture Gifu Prefecture is a prefecture located in the Chūbu region of central Japan. Its capital is the city of Gifu. Located in the center of Japan, it has long played an important part as the crossroads of Japan, connecting the east to the west through such routes as the Nakasendō. During the Sengoku period, many people referred to Gifu by saying, &, almost directly north of Nagoya Nagoya is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan city, and has been moving East South East for the past few decades. [5] More recently, the only large regions in Japan with significant population growth have been in Greater Nagoya and Greater Tokyo.
Sweden
The demographical center of Sweden is Hjortkvarn in Hallsberg municipality, Örebro county. Between the 1989 and 2007 census the center of population moved a few kilometres to the south, due to a decreasing population in northern Sweden and immigration to the south. [6]
Thailand
For Thailand The Kingdom of Thailand (pronounced /ˈtaɪlænd/; Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย Ratcha Anachak Thai, IPA: [râːtɕʰa ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k tʰɑj]) is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Laos and Myanmar, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of, the center of population lies in the central plains area Central Thailand is a region of Thailand, covering the broad alluvial plain of the Chao Phraya River. It is separated from North-East Thailand (Isan) by the Phetchabun mountain range, and another mountain range separates it from Myanmar to the west. In the north it gently changes into the more hilly Northern Thailand. The area was the heartland of northwest of Bangkok The city of Bangkok is the capital, largest urban area and primary city of Thailand. Known in Thai as Krung Thep Mahanakhon (Thai: กรุงเทพมหานคร, pronounced [krūŋtʰêːp máhǎːnákʰɔːn] ), or กรุงเทพฯ Krung Thep ( (listen) (help·info)) for short, it was a small trading post at the mouth of the.[citation needed]
USA
The mean center of United States population has been calculated for each U.S. Census The United States Census is a decennial census mandated by the United States Constitution. The population is enumerated every 10 years and the results are used to allocate Congressional seats , electoral votes, and government program funding. Some states or local jurisdictions also conduct local censuses since 1790. If the United States map were perfectly balanced on a point, this point would be its physical centroid In geometry, the centroid, geometric center, or barycenter of a plane figure X is the intersection of all straight lines that divide X into two parts of equal moment about the line. Informally, it is the "average" of all points of X. The definition extends to any object X in n-dimensional space: its centroid is the intersection of all. Currently this point is located in Phelps County Phelps County is a county located in South Central Missouri in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, it includes the mean center of U.S. population in 2000. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the county's population was 39,825. A 2008 estimate, however, showed the population to be 42,758. The largest city and county seat is Rolla. The, Missouri Missouri (pronounced /mɨˈzʊəri/ , and infrequently locally /mɨˈzʊərə/) is a state in the Midwest region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. Missouri is the 18th most populous state. It comprises 114 counties and one independent city. Missouri's capital is Jefferson, in the east-central part of the state. However, when Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790. The City of Washington was originally a separate municipality within the Territory of Columbia until an act of Congress in 1871 effectively merged the City and the was chosen as the federal capital of the United States in 1790, the center of the U.S. population was in Kent County, Maryland Kent County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland, on its Eastern Shore. It was named for the county of Kent in England. Its county seat is Chestertown. In 2000, the county's population was 19,197. It is the least populous of Maryland's 23 counties, a mere 47 miles (76 km) east-northeast of the new capital. Over the last two centuries, the mean center of United States population has progressed westward and, since 1930, southwesterly, reflecting population drift.
Median centers of population
A median center of population can be used to show where the median east vs west person lives. A person living near Louisville, Kentucky Louisville (usually pronounced /ˈluː.ǝvǝl/ ; see Pronunciation below) is Kentucky's largest city and county seat of Jefferson County. Since 2003, the city's borders are coterminous with those of the county due to merger. The city's estimated population as of 2008 is 713,877 (consolidated; balance total is 557,224), with a population of 1,268,32 has about half of the US population living north of him and half of the US population living south of him. This measure is meaningful only along the specific coordinate axes (north-south and east-west).
Recently, the Center for the Study of Global Christianity Adherents of Christianity, known as Christians, believe that Jesus is the Messiah prophesied in the Hebrew Bible . Orthodox Christian theology claims that Jesus suffered, died, and was resurrected to open heaven to humans. They further maintain that Jesus ascended into heaven, and most denominations teach that Jesus will return to judge all humans, in Massachusetts declared that the world's Christian Center of Gravity was located in Timbuktu Timbuktu is a city in Tombouctou Region, in the West African nation of Mali. It was made prosperous by Mansa Musa, tenth mansa (emperor) of the Mali Empire. It is home to the prestigious Sankore University and other madrasas, and was an intellectual and spiritual capital and centre for the propagation of Islam throughout Africa in the 15th and 16, Mali Mali, officially the Republic of Mali , is a landlocked nation in Western Africa. Mali is the seventh largest country in Africa, bordering Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with an. According to their definition of Center of Gravity, half of all Christians live west of Timbuktu and half live south of Timbuktu.
Sources
- Bellone F. and Cunningham R. (1993). "All Roads Lead to... Laxton, Digby and Longford." Statistics Canada 1991 Census Short Articles Series.
References
- ^ "Figure 15: Shifts in the Australian Population Centroid*, 1911-1996" (HTML HTML, an initialism for Hypertext Mark-up Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document—by denoting certain text as links, headings, paragraphs, lists, etc.—and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded images, and other objects). Parliament of Australia The Parliament of Australia or Commonwealth Parliament is the legislative branch of government of Australia. It is bicameral, largely modelled in the Westminster tradition, but with some influences from the United States Congress. According to Section 1 of the Constitution of Australia, Parliament consists of three components: the Queen, the Parliamentary Library. http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/1999-2000/2000rp09.htm#Figure15. Retrieved on 2009-01-07.
- ^ http://www.dradio.de/dlr/sendungen/laenderreport/316034/
- ^ "News Item:" (HTML HTML, an initialism for Hypertext Mark-up Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document—by denoting certain text as links, headings, paragraphs, lists, etc.—and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded images, and other objects). University of Leeds The University of Leeds is a major teaching and research university in Leeds, West Yorkshire and, with over 33,000 full-time students, one of the largest universities in the United Kingdom. It is a member of the Russell Group and is ranked in the top ten of UK universities for market share of research funding.:10 Dating back to the establishment. http://wwwnotes2.leeds.ac.uk/cuttings.nsf/ca19a58d66951b21802570980070beb6/6e35c8489160f26880256b5a004ef41d?OpenDocument. Retrieved on 2007-11-25.
- ^ "Population Centre" (HTML HTML, an initialism for Hypertext Mark-up Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document—by denoting certain text as links, headings, paragraphs, lists, etc.—and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded images, and other objects). Appleby Magna & Appleby Parva. http://www.applebymagna.org.uk/population_centre.htm. Retrieved on 2007-11-25.
- ^ Our Country's Center of Population (我が国の人口重心)
- ^ Sweden's demographic centre, SCB.se, 2008-03-18
External links
- Australian parliamentary research paper with map of population centroids.
- Site promoting Appleby Parva as centre of Great Britain
- Population centers of each U.S. state, 2000 (United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data. As part of the United States Department of Commerce, the Census Bureau serves as the leading source of quality data about America's people and economy. It is the official ")
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and are trying to find their way in a new community. Some have been out for years but are now in nursing homes where their sexuality has again become a stigma. See Gays and aging: Halsted . center. serves surging . population. of gay ...
