The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonian Estonian (eesti keel; pronounced [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ) is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various émigré communities. It is an Uralic language and is closely related to Finnish: Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik; Russian Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of three living members of the East Slavic languages: Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Estonskaya Sovetskaya Sotsalisticheskaya Respublika), often abbreviated as Estonian SSR or ESSR, was a republic of the Soviet Union, administered by and subordinated to the Government of the Soviet Union.[2][3] The ESSR was initially established on the territory of the Republic of Estonia Estonia [ɛsˈtəʊniə] , officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti or Eesti Vabariik), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by the Russian Federation (338,6 km). The territory of Estonia on July 21, 1940, following the invasion of Soviet troops on June 17, 1940 and the installation of a puppet government backed by the Soviet Union, which declared Estonia a Soviet state. The Estonian SSR was subsequently incorporated into the USSR on August 9, 1940.[4][5] This territory was also occupied by Nazi Germany After Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, Army Group North reached Estonia in July 1941. Although initially the Germans were perceived by most Estonians as liberators from the USSR and its repressions, and hopes were raised for the restoration of the country's independence, it was soon realized that they were but another from 1941 to 1944.
Most countries did not recognise The occupation of the Baltic states is the period in the history of the Baltic States which started with their military occupation [nb 1] and annexation by the Soviet Union in 1939 and ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and re-establishment of the independent and democratic Baltic states. During this period, Baltic states were the incorporation of Estonia de jure De jure is an expression that means "concerning law", as contrasted with de facto, which means "concerning fact" and only recognised its Soviet government de facto or not at all.[6][7][8] A number of these countries continued to recognize Estonian diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former governments.[9] This policy of non-recognition gave rise to the principle of legal continuity, which held that de jure, Estonia remained an independent state under illegal occupation throughout the period 1940-91.[10]
Independence of the Republic of Estonia was reestablished on August 20, 1991.
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