Coordinates A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates, using mainly a spherical coordinate system: 22°54′N 88°23′E / 22.90°N 88.39°E Hooghly-Chinsurah (also commonly known as Hughly-Chinsura or Chuchura) (Bengali Bengali or Bangla (IPA: [ˈbaŋla] বাংলা) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit and Sanskrit languages: চূঁচূড়া) is a town in the state of West Bengal West Bengal is a state in eastern India. With Bangladesh, which lies on its eastern border, the state forms the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal. To its northeast lie the states of Assam and Sikkim and the country Bhutan, and to its southwest, the state of Orissa. To the west it borders the states of Jharkhand and Bihar, and to the northwest,, India India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east, India has a coastline of 7,517. It lies on the Hooghly River The Hooghly River or the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly, is an approximately 260 kilometres (160 mi) long distributary of the Ganges River in West Bengal, India. It splits from the Ganges as a canal in Murshidabad District at the Farakka Barrage. The town of Hugli-Chinsura, formerly Hooghly, is located on the river, in the Hooghly (district). The origins of, 35 km north of Kolkata Kolkata (Bengali: কলকাতা ; IPA: [ˈkolkat̪a]), formerly Calcutta (help·info), is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in eastern India on the east bank of the River Hooghly. When referred to as Calcutta, it usually includes the suburbs, and thus its population exceeds 15 million, making it India's third-(Calcutta). It is located in the district of Hooghly and is home to the district headquarters. Chinsurah also houses the Commissioner of the Burdwan Range. It forms a part of the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) region.[1]

Contents

Etymology

Hooghly-Chinsurah was a municipality formed by the merging of two towns, Hooghly and Chinsura, in 1865. The names are spelled in various other ways including the use of Hooghly, Hugli, Hughli, Chinsura, Chunchura or Chinsurah to make up the name e.g. Hugli-Chinsura or Hooghly-Chinsura amongst others.

The Grand Trunk Road (GT Road) passes through the town. Chuchura and Hooghly are two historic stations on the Howrah-Burdwan main line of the Eastern Railway. Ferry services on the River Hooghly serves as a link with the district of North 24 Parganas.

Geography

Hugli-Chuchura is located at 22°54′N 88°23′E / 22.90°N 88.39°E.[2]

History

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The town of Hooghly-Chuchura was founded by the Portuguese The Portuguese Empire was among the first global empires in history, with territories in South America, Africa, India and South East Asia subject to the sovereignty of Portugal. It was also one of the longest lived of the modern European colonial empires, spanning almost five centuries, from the discovery of Brazil in 1500 to the handover of Macau in 1579. Some religious structures were built and the city flourished as a trading port. One such structure is a Church dedicated to a Charismatic statue of the Mother Mary. The statue was brought by the Portuguese and established on the bank of the river Hoogly. In the 17th century, political disorder struck the city and the Mughal Following 1725 the empire declined rapidly, weakened by wars of succession, agrarian crises fueling local revolts, the growth of religious intolerance, and British colonialism. The last Emperor, Bahadur Zafar Shah II, whose rule was restricted to the city of Delhi, was imprisoned and exiled by the British after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 governor of Bengal Bengal , is a historical and geographical region in the northeast of South Asia. Today it is mainly divided between the sovereign state of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (previously East Bengal / East Pakistan) and West Bengal in India, although some regions of the previous kingdoms of Bengal (during local monarchical regimes and British rule) expelled the Portuguese. While being expelled the Portuguese also carried the statue back with them which while in transit submerged into the river when the local archers were shooting the Portuguese. The statue was later found by the local people on the bank. It took a sentimental chane among the local who again established the statue. The arrested Portuguese were taken to Delhi where a death sentence was granted to those arrested Portuguese. To engineer the death sentence mad elephants were left before those arrested priests in an arena meant for such sentences. The mad elephants came to the arena to do their regular job, inspected the victims and silently went back doing no harm to those priests. This news was informed to the emperor Shahjahan who became very happy and ordered not only release of those priests, but also granted a piece of land on the bank of the river Hoogly where the statue of the Mother Mary was reestablished. There a church was constructed which became very popular among the voyagers, especially, the Portuguese. The statue became an icon of patron saint for the safety in sea voyages from Portugal to India. In one such voyage the ship while sailing was caught in a cyclone and was about to sink in mid sea. The captain offered prayers to Mother Mary keeping this statue in mind. The ship survived from the storm. When the ship was anchored on the bank of Hoogly, the captain offered the mast of his ship to this church as the mast is the icon of the highest honour of a ship. The same mast is still erected outside the church. The church was renovated in 1980s and nowadays is visited by several people including non Christians. The church has been declared as a Basilica by the authority of Rome. Thus Hoogli has become a place of pilgrimage. The statue is still venerated in the church; people queue to visit it. In 1656 the Dutch The Netherlands (pronounced /ˈnɛðərləndz/ ; Dutch: Nederland, pronounced [ˈneːdərlɑnt] ( listen)) is a country in Northwestern Europe, constituting the major portion of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, erected a factory on the site of the town, on a healthy spot of ground, much preferable to that on which Kolkata (Calcutta) is situated. At that point Kolkata was the principal Dutch settlement in Bengal (although not known by the name) used as a base for the Dutch intra-asian opium trade.

In 1759 a British force under Colonel Forde was attacked at the Battle of Chinsurah by the garrison of Chinsura on its march to Chandernagore Coordinates: 22°52′N 88°23′E / 22.87°N 88.38°E Chandannagar, formerly known as Chandernagore or Chandernagar , (Bengali: চন্দননগর Chôndonnôgor) is a small city and former French colony located 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Kolkata, in West Bengal, India. It is head quarters of a subdivision in Hooghly District. It, but in less than half an hour the Dutch were entirely routed. In 1795, during the Napoleonic wars The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts involving Napoleon's French Empire and changing sets of European allies and opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionized European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to the, the settlement was occupied by a British garrison. At the peace of 1814 it was restored to the Dutch. It was among the cessions in India made by the king of the Netherlands in 1825 in exchange for the British possessions in Sumatra Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia), and the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²).

Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national 'population and door to door censuses' , agriculture, and business censuses. The term itself comes[3], Hugli-Chinsurah had a population of 170,201. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Hugli-Chinsurah has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 77%. In Hugli-Chinsurah, 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.

The town

Chuchura Ghorir More Clock Tower Hooghly Imambara

Both Chinsurah and Hooghly played an active role in the Bengal renaissance and the freedom movement of India. Vandemataram, India's national song was composed by Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay at Joraghat in Chinsurah. Nazrul Islam's famous revolutionary songs were penned while he was imprisoned by the British in Hooghly Jail. The town was home to Jyotish Chandra Ghosh (Mastar mashay), hailed as guru by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. Notable figures associated with the town include Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, Bhudeb Mukhopadhyay, Murarimohan Mukherjee and so on.

The Main Places of attraction are:

Temple of Shandeshwar Ghorir More (Edwardian Clock tower) Diocese Church Dutch Cemetery Armenian Church Hooghly Imambara Chinsurah maidan Temple of Mahishmardini District Court building Ghats on the Ganges

A lot more historical buildings and monuments are scattered throughout the town.

Nearest places of attractions are:

Bandel Church Chandernagore French Museum

Education

Hooghly-Chinsurah's biggest contribution to the Bengal renaissance was in the field of education. Some of the oldest and famous schools and colleges of the state are located here. A few notable names are:

Schools:

Auxilium Convent School Hooghly Branch School (Estd.-1834) Hooghly Collegiate School (Estd.-1812) Deshbandhu Memorial High School Balika Bani Mandir Hooghly Duff High School Jyotish Chandra Vidyapith Balika Siksha Mandir Hooghly Binodini Girls High School Deshbandhu Memorial Girls High School Techno India School Colleges:

Hooghly Mohsin College (Estd.-1836) Hooghly Women's College Hooghly Institute of Technology Techno India College (Estd.-2007)

Politics

Current MLA from Chinsurah assembly constituency is Naren Dey of AIFB, who won the seat in State elections of 2006. He also won this seat as FBL candidate in 2001, 1996, 1991, 1987. Shambhucharan Ghosh of FBL was MLA from this seat in 1982 and in 1977.[4]

Chinsurah assembly constituency is part of Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency).[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Base Map of Kolkata Metroploitan area". Kolkata Metroploitan Development Authority. http://www.cmdaonline.com/kma.html. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
  2. ^ "Yahoo maps location of Hugli-Chuchura". Yahoo maps. http://maps.yahoo.com/#mvt=m&lat=22.898291&lon=88.39373&zoom=14&q1=Hugli-Chuchura. Retrieved on 2008-12-28.
  3. ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved on 2008-11-01.
  4. ^ "State Elections 2006 - Partywise Comparison for 186-Chinsurah Constituency of West Bengal". Election Commission of India. http://eci.gov.in/electionanalysis/AE/S25/partycomp186.htm. Retrieved on 2008-10-25.
  5. ^ "Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies". West Bengal. Election Commission of India. http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S25/WB_Dist_PC_AC.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-10-02.

External links

Wikisource Wikisource is an online library of free content textual sources, operated by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aims are to harbour all forms of free text, in many languages. It also provides translation efforts to this end has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica's transition from a British to an American publication. Some of its articles were written by the best-known scholars of the day. This edition of the encyclopedia is now in the public domain, but some of its out-of- article Hugli (town).
Portuguese Empire The Portuguese Empire was among the first global empires in history, with territories in South America, Africa, India and South East Asia subject to the sovereignty of Portugal. It was also one of the longest lived of the modern European colonial empires, spanning almost five centuries, from the discovery of Brazil in 1500 to the handover of Macau
North Africa North Africa or more correctly Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the UN definition of Northern Africa includes the following seven countries or territories;

15th century 1415–1640 Ceuta Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain located on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, on the Mediterranean, which separates it from the Spanish mainland. The area of Ceuta is approximately 28 square kilometres 1458–1550 Alcácer Ceguer (El Qsar es Seghir) The name of the city is also known as Al Qasr al Kabir or Alcazarquivir in Spanish or Alcácer-Quibir in Portuguese. The name translates as The big castle in English. The city is located near by the Loukous river which makes Ksar el-Kebir one of Morocco's richest agricultural regions 1471–1550 Arzila (Asilah) Asilah or Arzila is a fortified town on the northwest tip of the Atlantic coast of Morocco, about 50 km from Tangier. Its ramparts and gateworks remain fully intact. Its history dates back to 1500 B.C., when the Phoenicians used it as a base for trade 1471–1662 Tangier Tangier or Tangiers [pronounce] is a city of northern Morocco with a population of about 700,000 (2008 census). It lies on the North African coast at the western entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel. It is the capital of the Tangier-Tétouan Region 1485–1550 Mazagan (El Jadida) El Jadida is a port city on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, in the province of El Jadida. It has a population of 144,440 (2004 census). From the sea, El Jadida has a very un-Moorish appearance; it has massive Portuguese walls of hewn stone 1487– middle 16th century Ouadane Ouadane is a town in northwestern Mauritania, lying on the Adrar Plateau, northeast of Chinguetti. It was founded in 1147 by the Berber tribe Idalwa el Hadji and soon became an important caravan and trading centre 1488–1541 Safim (Safi) Safi is a city in western Morocco on the Atlantic Ocean. The capital of the Doukkala-Abda Region, it has a population of 284,750 (2004 census), but is also the centre of an agglomeration which has an estimated 793,000 inhabitants (1987). Safi is the main fishing port for the country's sardine industry, and also exports phosphates, textiles and

16th century 1505–1769 Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué (Agadir) Agadir (Arabic: أغادير Aġadīr or Agadīr, Berber : ) is a major city in southwest Morocco, capital of the Agadir province (MA-AGD) and the Sous-Massa-Draa economic region (#13) 1506–1525 Mogador (Essaouira) Essaouira is an isolated city in the western Moroccan economic region of Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz (#11), on the Atlantic coast 1506–1525 Aguz (Souira Guedima) Souira Guedima, formerly known as Aguz, is a Moroccan town 36 km south of Safi, at the mouth of the Tensift River on the Atlantic seacoast. Guedima may also be spelt Kadima, Kdima, Qadima , or Qdima. Aguz may also be spelt Agouz, Gouz or Couz 1506–1769 Mazagan (El Jadida) El Jadida is a port city on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, in the province of El Jadida. It has a population of 144,440 (2004 census). From the sea, El Jadida has a very un-Moorish appearance; it has massive Portuguese walls of hewn stone 1513–1541 Azamor (Azemmour) Azemmour or Azamor is a Moroccan city, on the left bank of the Oum Er-Rbia River, 75 km southwest of Casablanca. Although it was a dependency of the King of Fez, Azemmour had great autonomy. In 1486 its inhabitants became vassals and tributaries of João II of Portugal. Manuel I of Portugal confirmed the treaty in 1497 and the city paid 10 000 sav 1577–1589 Arzila (Asilah) Asilah or Arzila is a fortified town on the northwest tip of the Atlantic coast of Morocco, about 50 km from Tangier. Its ramparts and gateworks remain fully intact. Its history dates back to 1500 B.C., when the Phoenicians used it as a base for trade

Sub-Saharan Africa The Sahel is the transitional zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna and forest-savanna mosaic to the south. The Horn of Africa and large parts of Sudan are geographically part of sub-Saharan Africa, but nevertheless show strong Middle Eastern influence and are also part of the Arab world

15th century 1455–1633 Arguin Arguin is an island off the western coast of Mauritania in the Bay of Arguin, at 20° 36' N., 16° 27' W. It is six km long by two broad. Off the island are extensive and dangerous reefs. It is now part of The Banc d'Arguin National Park 1470–1975 São Tomé São Tomé is the capital city of São Tomé and Príncipe and is by far that nation's largest town. Its name is Portuguese for "Saint Thomas"1 1474–1778 Annobón Annobón , also known as Pagalu or Pigalu, is an island of Equatorial Guinea. It is located in the South Atlantic Ocean at 1°25′S 5°38′E / 1.417°S 5.633°E 1478–1778 Fernando Poo (Bioko) Bioko is an island off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea, part of Equatorial Guinea. In colonial times it was known as Fernando Pó or Fernando Poo. Under the Africanization policy of dictator Masie Nguema Biyogo, it was renamed Masie Ngueme Biyogo Island (sp. Francisco Macías Biogo); on his overthrow in 1979 it was named Bioko. The 1482–1637 Elmina (São Jorge da Mina) Elmina, is a town situated on a south-facing bay on the Atlantic Ocean coast of Ghana, lying west of Cape Coast. The first European settlement in West Africa, it now has a population of around 20,000 people 1482–1642 Portuguese Gold Coast The Portuguese Gold Coast was a Portuguese colony on the West African Gold Coast on the Gulf of Guinea 1496–1550 Madagascar (part) Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar , is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the fourth-largest island in the world, and is home to 5% of the world's plant and animal species, of which more than 80% are endemic to Madagascar.[citation needed] They include the 1498–1540 Mascarene Islands

16th century 1500–1630 Malindi Malindi is a town on Malindi Bay at the mouth of the Galana River, lying on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya. It is 120 kilometres northeast of Mombasa. The population of Malindi is 117,735 (in 1999 census). It is the capital of the Malindi District 1500–1975 Príncipe Príncipe is the smaller of the two major islands of São Tomé and Príncipe lying off the west coast of Africa. It has an area of 136 km² and a population of around 5,000 people. It rises in the south to 948 metres at Pico de Príncipe, in a thickly forested area forming part of the Obo National Park. The north and centre of the island were1 1501–1975 Portuguese E. Africa (Mozambique) Portuguese East Africa is the common name by which the Portuguese Empire's territorial expansion in East Africa was known across different periods of time. Portuguese East Africa was a string of Portuguese overseas colonies and later a Portuguese overseas province along the south-east African coast, which now form the republic of Mozambique 1502–1659 St. Helena Saint Helena , named after St Helena of Constantinople, is an island of volcanic origin and a British overseas territory in the South Atlantic Ocean. The territory of Saint Helena consists of both the island of Saint Helena, and also the dependencies of Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha 1503–1698 Zanzibar Zanzibar is part of the East African republic of Tanzania. It comprises the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 25–50 kilometres (16–31 mi) off the coast of the mainland, and consists of numerous small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, informally referred to as "Zanzibar"), and Pemba. Zanzibar was once a 1505–1512 Quíloa (Kilwa) Kilwa Kisiwani is a community on an island off the coast of East Africa, in present day Tanzania 1506–1511 Socotra 1557–1578 Accra 1575–1975 Portuguese W. Africa (Angola) 1588–1974 Cacheu2 1593–1698 Mombassa (Mombasa)

17th century 1642–1975 Cape Verde 1645–1888 Ziguinchor 1680–1961 São João Baptista de Ajudá 1687–1974 Bissau2 18th century 1728–1729 Mombassa (Mombasa) 1753–1975 São Tomé and Príncipe 19th century 1879–1974 Portuguese Guinea 1885–1975 Portuguese Congo (Cabinda)

1 Part of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1753. 2 Part of Portuguese Guinea from 1879.
Southwest Asia

16th century 1506–1615 Gamru (Bandar Abbas) 1507–1643 Sohar 1515–1622 Hormuz (Ormus) 1515–1648 Quriyat 1515–? Qalhat 1515–1650 Muscat 1515?–? Barka 1515–1633? Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah) 1521–1602 Bahrain (Al Muharraq and Manama) 1521–1529? Qatif 1521?–1551? Tarut Island 1550–1551 Qatif 1588–1648 Matrah

17th century 1620–? Khor Fakkan 1621?–? As Sib 1621–1622 Qeshm 1623–? Khasab 1623–? Libedia 1624–? Kalba 1624–? Madha 1624–1648 Dibba Al-Hisn 1624?–? Bandar-e Kong

Indian subcontinent

15th century 1498–1545 Laccadive Islands (Lakshadweep)

16th century Portuguese India 1500–1663 Cochim (Kochi) 1502–1661 Quilon (Coulão/Kollam) 1502–1663 Cannanore (Kannur) 1507–1657 Negapatam (Nagapattinam) 1510–1962 Goa 1512–1525 Calicut (Kozhikode) 1518–1619 Paliacate (Pulicat) 1521–1740 Chaul 1523–1662 Mylapore 1528–1666 Chittagong 1534–1601 Salsette Island 1534–1661 Bombay (Mumbai) 1535–1739 Baçaím (Vasai-Virar) 1536–1662 Cranganore (Kodungallur) 1540–1612 Surat 1548–1658 Tuticorin (Thoothukudi) 1559–1962 Daman and Diu 1568–1659 Mangalore 1579–1632 Hughli 1598–1610 Masulipatnam (Machilipatnam) 1518–1521 Maldives 1518–1658 Portuguese Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1558–1573 Maldives

17th century Portuguese India 1687–1749 Mylapore 18th century Portuguese India 1779–1954 Dadra and Nagar Haveli

East Asia and Oceania

16th century 1511–1641 Portuguese Malacca 1512–1621 Banda Islands 1512–1621 Moluccas (Maluku Islands) 1522–1575 Ternate 1576–1605 Ambon 1578–1650 Tidore 1512–1665 Makassar 1553–1999 Macau 1533–1545 Ning-po 1571–1639 Decima (Dejima, Nagasaki)

17th century 1642–1975 Portuguese Timor (East Timor)1 19th century Macau 1864–1999 Coloane 1849–1999 Portas do Cerco 1851–1999 Taipa 1890–1999 Ilha Verde 20th century Macau 1938–1941 Lapa and Montanha (Hengqin)

1 1975 is the date of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent invasion by Indonesia. In 2002, the independence of East Timor was recognized by Portugal and the rest of the world.

North America and the North Atlantic Ocean

15th century 1420 Madeira 1432 Azores

16th century 1500–1579? Terra Nova (Newfoundland) 1500–1579? Labrador 1516–1579? Nova Scotia

Central and South America

16th century 1500–1822 Brazil 1536–1620 Barbados

17th century 1680–1777 Nova Colônia do Sacramento 19th century 1808–1822 Cisplatina (Uruguay)

Portuguese colonization of the Americas
Dutch Empire
Former colonies
Africa Arguin Island · Cape Colony · Delagoa Bay (Maputo Bay) · Dutch Gold Coast · Gorée · Mauritius · Dutch Angola
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See also Dutch East India Company · Dutch West India Company
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Cities and towns in Hooghly District
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Arambag subdivision Arambag · Goghat · Khanakul · Pursurah
Related topics · People from Hooghly district · Saptagram
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