Human scale means "of a scale comparable to a human A human is a member of a species of bipedal primates in the family Hominidae . DNA and fossil evidence indicates that modern humans originated in east Africa about 200,000 years ago. When compared to other animals and primates, humans have a highly developed brain, capable of abstract reasoning, language, introspection and problem solving. This being".
A number of characteristic physical quantities can be associated with the human body, the human mind, and the preservation of human life.
- Distance Distance is a numerical description of how far apart objects are. In physics or everyday discussion, distance may refer to a physical length, a period of time, or an estimation based on other criteria . In mathematics, a distance function or metric is a generalization of the concept of physical distance. A metric is a function that behaves: one to two metres (human arm's reach, stride, height)
- Attention span Attention span is the amount of time a person can concentrate on a task without becoming distracted. Most educators and psychologists agree that the ability to focus one's attention on a task is crucial for the achievement of one's goals: seconds to hours
- Lifespan: approximately seventy years
- Mass Mass is a concept used in the physical sciences to explain a number of observable behaviors, and in everyday usage, it is common to identify mass with those resulting behaviors. In particular, mass is commonly identified with weight. But according to our modern scientific understanding, the weight of an object results from the interaction of its: kilogrammes
- Force In physics, a force is any external agent that causes a change in the motion of a free body, or that causes stress in a fixed body. It can also be described by intuitive concepts such as a push or pull that can cause an object with mass to change its velocity , i.e., to accelerate, or which can cause a flexible object to deform. Force has both: newtons The newton is the SI derived unit of force, named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics
- Pressure Pressure is the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure: one standard atmosphere
- Temperature In physics, temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold; something that feels hotter generally has the higher temperature. Temperature is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. If no heat flow occurs between two objects, the objects have the same temperature; otherwise heat flows: around 300 K (room temperature)
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Science vs. human scale
Many of the objects of scientific interest in the universe are much larger than human scale (stars, galaxies) or much smaller than human scale (molecules, atoms, subatomic particles).
Similarly, many time periods studied in science involve time scales much greater than human timescales (geological The geologic time scale is a chronologic schema relating stratigraphy to time that is used by geologists, paleontologists and other earth scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred during the history of the Earth. The table of geologic time spans presented here agrees with the dates and nomenclature and cosmological time scales) or much shorter than human timescales (atomic and subatomic events).
Mathematicians and scientists use very large and small numbers Within a set of positive and negative numbers there is ambiguity, because being closer to zero does not correspond to being less, but to being less in absolute value. Depending on context a negative number may be called "smaller" if it is closer to zero, or if it is more negative to describe physical quantities, and have created even larger and smaller numbers for theoretical purposes.
Human scale in architecture
Humans interact with their environments based on their physical dimensions, capabilities and limits. The field of anthropometrics Anthropometry , in physical anthropology, refers to the measurement of the human individual for the purposes of understanding human physical variation (human measurement) has unanswered questions, but it's still true that human physical characteristics are fairly predictable and objectively measurable. Buildings scaled to human physical capabilities have steps, doorways, railings, work surfaces, seating, shelves, fixtures, walking distances, and other features that fit well to the average person.
Humans also interact with their environments based on their sensory capabilities. The fields of human perception systems, like perceptual psychology Perceptual psychology is a subfield of cognitive psychology that is concerned specifically with the pre-conscious innate aspects of the human cognitive system: perception. A pioneer of this field was J. J. Gibson. A major study was that of cognitive biases mostly due to affordances, i.e. the perceived utility of objects in, or features of, one's and cognitive psychology The school of thought arising from this approach is known as cognitivism which is interested in how people mentally represent information processing. It had its foundations in the work of Wilhelm Wundt, Gestalt psychology of Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka, and in the work of Jean Piaget, who provided a theory of stages/phases, are not exact sciences, because human information processing is not a purely physical act, and because perception is affected by cultural factors, personal preferences, experiences, and expectations. So human scale in architecture can also describe buildings with sightlines, acoustic properties, task lighting, ambient lighting, and spatial grammar that fit well with human senses. However, one important caveat is that human perceptions are always going to be less predictable and less measurable than physical dimensions.
Human scale in architecture is deliberately violated:
- for monumental effect. Buildings, statues, and memorials are constructed in a scale larger than life as a social/cultural signal that the subject matter is also larger than life. The extreme example is the Rodina (Motherland) statue in Volgograd Volgograd (Russian: Волгогра́д [,vɔlgə'grʌd] ), formerly called Tsaritsyn (Russian: Цари́цын (help·info)) (1589–1925) and Stalingrad (Russian: Сталингра́д (help·info)) (1925–1961) is a city and the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. It is 80 kilometres (50 mi) long, north to south, (Stalingrad).
- for aesthetic effect. Many architects, particularly in the Modernist Modernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The term movement, design buildings that prioritize structural purity and clarity of form over concessions to human scale. This became the dominant American architectural style for decades. Some notable examples among many are Henry Cobb's John Hancock Tower The John Hancock Tower, officially named Hancock Place and known colloquially as The Hancock, is a 60-story, 790-foot skyscraper in Boston. The structure, the tallest in the city, was designed by I.M. Pei and Henry N. Cobb of the firm now known as Pei, Cobb and Freed and was completed in 1976. In 1977 the American Institute of Architects presented in Boston Boston (pronounced /ˈbɒstən/ ) is the capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is considered the economic and cultural center of the region and is sometimes regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England". Boston, much of I. M. Pei Pei was born in Canton , China on April 26, 1917, to a prominent family from Suzhou. His father, a banker, was later the director of the Bank of China and the governor of the Central Bank of China. His family later moved to Shanghai, but resided in his native city Suzhou, a city near Shanghai. The family's residence is in a renowned garden in's work including the Dallas City Hall Dallas City Hall is the seat of Dallas municipal government, located at 1500 Marilla in the Government District of downtown Dallas, Texas . The current building, the city's fifth city hall, was completed in 1978 and replaced the Dallas Municipal Building, and Mies van der Rohe Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies was a German-American architect. He was commonly referred to and addressed by his surname, Mies, by his colleagues, students, writers, and others's Neue Nationalgalerie Neue Nationalgalerie at the Kulturforum is a museum for classical modern art in Berlin, with main focus on early the 20th century. It is part of the German National Gallery. The museum building and its sculpture garden were designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and opened in 1968 in Berlin Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan area,.
- to serve automotive scale. Commercial buildings that are designed to be legible from roadways assume a radically different shape. The human eye can distinguish about 3 objects or features per second. A pedestrian steadily walking along a 100-foot (30-meter) length of department store can perceive about 68 features; a driver passing the same frontage at 30 mph (13 m/s or 44 ft/s) can perceive about six or seven features. Auto-scale buildings tend to be smooth and shallow, readable at a glance, simplified, presented outward, and with signage with bigger letters and fewer words. This urban form is traceable back to the innovations of developer A. W. Ross along Wilshire Boulevard The Miracle Mile is an area in the Mid-Wilshire region of Los Angeles, California, consisting of a roughly one-mile stretch of Wilshire Boulevard between Fairfax and La Brea Avenues, and the surrounding neighborhoods . It is not to be confused with the Magnificent Mile in Chicago. Other cities have given the name of Miracle Mile to linear shopping in Los Angeles in 1920.
Common sense and human scale
"Common sense Common sense , based on a strict construction of the term, consists of what people in common would agree on: that which they "sense" as their common natural understanding. Some people (such as the authors of Merriam-Webster Online) use the phrase to refer to beliefs or propositions that — in their opinion — most people would consider" ideas tend to relate to events within human experience, and thus commenurate with these scales. There is thus no commonsense intuition of, for example, interstellar distances or speeds approaching the speed of light.
Weights and measures The definition, agreement, and practical use of units of measurement have played a crucial role in human endeavour from early ages up to this day. Disparate systems of measurement used to be very common. Now there is a global standard, the International System of units, the modern form of the metric system. The SI has been or is in the process of tend to reflect human scale, and many older systems of measurement featured units based directly on the dimensions of the body. The metric system The metric system is an international decimalised system of measurement, first adopted by France in 1791, that is the common system of measuring units used by most of the world. It exists in several variations, with different choices of fundamental units, though the choice of base units does not affect its day-to-day use. Over the last two, which is based on other more reproducible physical quantities, still attempts to keep its base units within the range of human experience. Other systems, such as Planck units In physics, Planck units are units of measurement named after the German physicist Max Planck, who first proposed them in 1899. They are an example of natural units, i.e. units of measurement designed so that certain fundamental physical constants are normalized to 1. The constants that Planck units normalize to 1 are the: are useful for theoretical purposes, but are not useful for everyday purposes.
Quotes
- "Man is the measure of all things, of things that are, that they are; and of things that are not, that they are not". -- Protagoras Protagoras (ca. 490– 420 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and is numbered as one of the sophists by Plato. In his dialogue Protagoras, Plato credits him with having invented the role of the professional sophist or teacher of virtue. He is also believed to have created a major controversy during ancient times through his statement that
See also
- Anthropometrics Anthropometry , in physical anthropology, refers to the measurement of the human individual for the purposes of understanding human physical variation
- Ergonomics Ergonomics is the science of designing the job, equipment, and workplace to fit the worker. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent repetitive strain injuries, which can develop over time and can lead to long-term disability
- Anthropic principle In physics and cosmology, the anthropic principle is the collective name for several ways of asserting that physical and chemical theories, especially astrophysics and cosmology, need to take into account that there is life on Earth, and that one form of that life, Homo sapiens, has attained rationality. The only kind of universe humans can occupy
- Standard temperature and pressure In physical sciences, standard conditions for temperature and pressure are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements, to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data. The most used standards are those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the National Institute of Standards and
- Scales of measurement
Categories: Humans Humans are a species of hominid and the only surviving species of the genus Homo. There is only one extant subspecies, H. sapiens sapiens. Humans are notable for their intelligence, language, culture and technology | Human-based units of measure Units of measure based on the human body or attributes/abilities of a human . This does not include units further derived from these units (e.g. rod) unless they are also human based (e.g. foot)
Q. I'm just curious. People say it would eradicate the human race, but I have my doubts. I think at least a few million would survive.
Asked by NintendoTogepi - Tue Oct 28 13:15:01 2008 - - 6 Answers - 0 Comments
A. No, not even close. In the largest study ever done on the possible effects of a nuclear war. The RAND corporation determined that in a full scale nuclear war, In which 14,000 nuclear warheads were used. That it would cause a period of global cooling ( nuclear winter ) that lasted about 3 years before the atmosphere started to clear. They estimated that approx 40% of the earths population would die from either direct effects of the nuclear weapons, radiation, disease or starvation. That study was done in the mid 1980's. Since then, the nuclear inventories have been reduced dramatically. Especially the means of delieverying nuclear warheads. The nations on earth, couldn't delievery 14,000 nuclear warheads now, if they wanted to. We… [cont.]
Answered by jeeper_peeper321 - Tue Oct 28 15:04:01 2008
