Japanese gardens (日本庭園, nihon teien?), that is, gardens A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. The most common form is known as a residential garden. Western gardens are almost universally based around plants. Zoos, which display wild animals in traditional Japanese Japan officially 日本国 Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters which make up style, can be found at private homes, in neighborhood or city parks, and at historical landmarks Originally, a landmark literally meant a geographic feature used by explorers and others to find their way back or through an area such as Buddhist Buddhism as traditionally conceived is a path of salvation attained through insight into the ultimate nature of reality. Buddhism encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha. Adherents recognize the Buddha as an awakened teacher who shared his temples and old castles Japanese castles were fortresses composed primarily of wood and stone. They evolved from the wooden stockades of earlier centuries, and came into their most well-known form in the 16th century. Like European castles, the castles of Japan were built to guard important or strategic sites, such as ports, river crossings, or crossroads, and almost.
Some of the Japanese gardens most famous in the West The term Western world, the West or the Occident can have multiple meanings dependent on its context (e.g., the time period, the region or social situation). Accordingly, the basic definition of what constitutes "the West" varies, expanding and contracting over time, in relation to various historical circumstances. Some historians[who?], and within Japan as well, are dry gardens or rock gardens The Japanese rock gardens or "dry landscape" gardens, often called "Zen gardens" were influenced mainly by Zen Buddhism and can be found at Zen temples of meditation, karesansui. The tradition of the Tea masters A tea ceremony is a ritualised form of making tea. The term generally refers to the Japanese tea ceremony. One can also refer to the whole set of rituals, tools, gestures, etc. used in such ceremonies as tea culture. All of these tea ceremonies and rituals contain 'artificiality, abstractness, symbolism and formalism' to one degree or another has produced highly refined Japanese gardens of quite another style, evoking rural simplicity. In Japanese culture The culture of Japan has evolved greatly over millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jomon culture to its contemporary hybrid culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe and North America. After several waves of immigration from the continent and nearby Pacific islands , the inhabitants of Japan experienced a long period of relative, garden-making is a high art, intimately related to the linked arts of calligraphy Calligraphy is a type of visual art. It is often called the art of writing (Mediavilla 1996: 17). A contemporary definition of calligraphic practice is "the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious and skillful manner" (Mediavilla 1996: 18). The story of writing is one of aesthetic evolution framed within the technical and ink painting. Since the end of the 19th century, Japanese gardens have also been adapted to Western settings.
Japanese gardens were developed under the influences of the distinctive and stylized Chinese gardens The Chinese Garden is a place for solitary or social contemplation of nature. Chinese gardens were created in the same way as a combination of landscape and paintings together with poems - this was the so-called "poetic garden." The design of Chinese gardens was to provide a spiritual utopia for one to connect with nature, to come back.[1] One of the great interest for the historical development of the Japanese garden, bonseki, bonsai Bonsai (盆栽?) (lit. bon-planted) is the art of aesthetic miniaturization of trees, or of developing woody or semi-woody plants shaped as trees, by growing them in containers. Cultivation includes techniques for shaping, watering, and repotting in various styles of containers and related arts is the c. 1300 Zen monk Kokan Shiren Kokan Shiren , 1278-1347), Japanese Rinzai Zen patriarch and celebrated poet in Chinese, was the son of an officer of the palace guard and a mother of the aristocratic Minamoto clan. At age eight he was placed in the charge of the Buddhist priest Hōkaku on Mt. Hiei. At age ten he was ordained there, but later began study with the Zen master Kian and his rhymeprose essay Rhymeprose on a Miniature Landscape Garden.
The tradition of Japanese gardening was historically passed down from sensei Sensei is a Japanese title used to refer to or address teachers, professors, professionals such as lawyers and doctors, politicians, clergymen, and other figures of authorityThe word is also used to show respect to someone who has achieved a certain level of mastery in an art form or some other skill: accomplished novelists, musicians, and artists to apprentice. In recent decades this has been supplemented by various trade schools. The opening words of Zōen's Illustrations for designing mountain, water and hillside field landscapes (1466) are "If you have not received the oral transmissions, you must not make gardens" and its closing admonition is "You must never show this writing to outsiders. You must keep it secret".[2]
| This view from the Symbolic Mountain in the gardens in Cowra, Australia shows many of the typical elements of a Japanese garden. |
| Buenos Aires Japanese Gardens, one of the greatest outside Japan. |
| Karesansui garden at Tōfuku-ji in Kyoto |
| This garden has an abundance of plants, including seasonal flowers. |
| Hagiwara Japanese Tea Garden in San Francisco, California San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 12th most populous city in the United States, with a 2008 estimated population of 808,976. It is the eighth most densely populated city in the U.S. and is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the larger San Francisco Bay Area, a region of more than seven million, showing the use of stone, water and plants |
| An egret rests on a stone lantern in the upper lake of the Japanese Garden in Cowra, NSW, Australia. |
| A kaiyu-shiki or strolling garden |
| Twenty stone snow-viewing lanterns in Monte Palace Tropical Garden on Madeira |
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