The pantoum is a form of poetry Poetry is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning. Poetry may be written independently, as discrete poems, or may occur in conjunction with other arts, as in poetic drama, hymns or lyrics similar to a villanelle A villanelle is a poetic form which entered English-language poetry in the 1800s from the imitation of French models. The word derives from the Italian villanella from Latin villanus . A villanelle has only two rhyme sounds. The first and third lines of the first stanza are rhyming refrains that alternate as the third line in each successive. It is composed of a series of quatrains A Quatrain is a stanza of poetry consisting of four lines. Existing in various forms, the quatrain appears in poems from ancient civilizations including Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome continues into the 21st century where it is seen in works published in several languages; the second and fourth lines of each stanza In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. In modern poetry, the term is often equivalent with strophe; in popular vocal music, a stanza is typically referred to as a "verse" are repeated as the first and third lines of the next. This pattern continues for any number of stanzas, except for the final stanza, which differs in the repeating pattern. The first and third lines of the last stanza are the second and fourth of the penultimate; the first line of the poem is the last line of the final stanza, and the third line of the first stanza is the second of the final. Ideally, the meaning of lines shifts when they are repeated although the words remain exactly the same: this can be done by shifting punctuation Punctuation is everything in written language other than the actual letters or numbers, including punctuation marks , inter-word spaces, and indentation, punning A pun, or paronomasia, is a form of word play that deliberately exploits ambiguity between similar-sounding words for humorous or rhetorical effect. Such ambiguity may arise from the intentional misuse of homophonical, homographical, homonymic, polysemic, metonymic, or metaphorical language, or simply recontextualizing.
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Verse forms
The pantoum is derived from the pantun, a Malay Malay refers to a group of languages closely related to each other to the point of mutual intelligibility but that linguists consider to be separate languages.[citation needed] They are grouped into a group called "Local Malay", part of a larger group called "Malayan" within the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian verse form - specifically from the pantun berkait, a series of interwoven quatrains. An English translation of such a pantun berkait appeared in William Marsden's A Dictionary and Grammar of the Malayan Language in 1812. Victor Hugo Victor-Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights activist and exponent of the Romantic movement in France published an unrhymed French version by Ernest Fouinet of this poem in the notes to Les Orientales (1829) and subsequent French poets began to make their own attempts at composing original "pantoums". [1] Leconte de Lisle published five pantoums in his Poèmes tragiques (1884). Baudelaire Charles Pierre Baudelaire (9 April 1821 - 31 August 1867) was a nineteenth century French poet, critic, and translator. A controversial figure in his lifetime, Baudelaire's name has become a byword for literary and artistic decadence. At the same time his works, in particular his book of poetry Les Fleurs du mal (The Flowers of Evil), have been's famous poem "Harmonie du soir" is usually cited as an example of the form, but it is irregular and the first stanza rhymes abba rather than the expected abab.
Poets
American The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its 48 contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south poets such as John Ashbery John Ashbery is an American poet. He has won nearly every major American award for poetry and is recognized as one of America's most important, though still controversial, poets. In an article on Elizabeth Bishop in his Selected Prose, he characterizes himself as having been described as "a harebrained, homegrown surrealist whose poetry, Marilyn Hacker Marilyn Hacker is an American poet, critic, and reviewer. Her books of poetry include Going Back to the River (1990), Love, Death, and the Changing of the Seasons (1986), and Presentation Piece (1974), which won the National Book Award, Donald Justice, Carolyn Kizer, and David Trinidad have done work in this form. Neil Peart Neil Ellwood Peart OC, (born September 12, 1952) is a Canadian musician and author. He is best-known as the drummer and lyricist for the rock band Rush used the form for the lyrics Lyrics are a set of words that make up a song. The writer of lyrics is a lyricist or lyrist. The meaning of lyrics can either be explicit or implicit. Some lyrics are abstract, almost unintelligible, and, in such cases, their explication emphasizes form, articulation, meter, and symmetry of expression. The lyricist of traditional musical forms of "The Larger Bowl (A Pantoum)" on Rush Rush is a Canadian rock band originally formed in August 1968, in the Willowdale neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, composed of bassist, keyboardist, and lead vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. The band and its membership went through a number of re-configurations between 1968 and 1974, achieving their's 2007 album, Snakes & Arrows (with one difference from the format listed above).[1]
Variation
There is also the imperfect pantoum, in which the final stanza differs from the form stated above, and the second and fourth lines may be different from any preceding lines.
References
- ^ Peart, Neil Neil Ellwood Peart OC, (born September 12, 1952) is a Canadian musician and author. He is best-known as the drummer and lyricist for the rock band Rush (2007). "The Game of Snakes & Arrows". Atlantic Records. http://www.rush.com/thegameofsnakesandarrows/Rush.Essay4.S&A.pdf. Retrieved 2009-01-20.
External links
Examples of pantoums
- "Pantoum of the Great Depression" by Donald Justice
- "Parent's Pantoum" by Carolyn Kizer (includes audio clip of poet reading the poem)
- "Harmonie du soir" by Charles Baudelaire (imperfect pantoum, in French; also includes four English translations)
- "I Am Going to Like It Here" by Oscar Hammerstein (and Richard Rodgers) (imperfect pantoum from the musical Flower Drum Song Flower Drum Song is a musical written by the team of Rodgers and Hammerstein, based on the 1957 novel of the same name by Chinese American author C. Y. Lee. The Broadway production opened in 1958 featuring, for the first time in Broadway history, a mostly Asian cast. The musical was successful , garnering six Tony Award nominations and spawning a)
- 'On Beauty' by Nick Laird—a 'broken' pantoum (scroll down).
- 'The Larger Bowl (A Pantoum)' by Rush (band) Rush is a Canadian rock band originally formed in August 1968, in the Willowdale neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, composed of bassist, keyboardist, and lead vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. The band and its membership went through a number of re-configurations between 1968 and 1974, achieving their (scroll down).
- 'Command' by Rachel Barenblat.
whurskey_bar
2008-10-25 18:18:46
a . pantoum. is a poem form where the 2nd and 4th lines of each stanza are reiterated (usually verbatim) as the 1st and 3rd lines of the following stanza, until you decide you are finished and the ultimate stanza ends with the 1st and 3rd . ...
