The Sinimäed Hills (or Blue Hills; Estonian Estonian (eesti keel; pronounced [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ) is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various émigré communities. It is an Uralic language and is closely related to Finnish: Vaivara Sinimäed) are three linked hills in northeastern Estonia Estonia /ɛsˈtoʊniə/ (Estonian: Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by the Russian Federation (338.6 km). The territory of Estonia covers 45,227. The heights which are aligned west-east, consist of Tornimägi, Põrguaugu mägi (also known as Grenadierimägi) and Pargimägi (also known as Lastekodumägi). They lie in Vaivara municipality near the coastal town of Sillamäe Sillamäe is a town in Ida-Viru County in the northern part of Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland in Ida-Viru County Ida-Viru County , or Ida-Virumaa, is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is the most north-eastern part of the country. The county contains large deposits of oil shale - the main mineral mined in Estonia. As oil shale is used in thermal power plants, the earth in Ida-Viru literally holds the largest power capacity in Estonia. The capital of the.
The hills are best known as the location of the Battle of Tannenberg Line, fought in World War II Albania · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Burma · Cambodia · Canada · Ceylon (Sri Lanka) · Channel Islands · China · Czechoslovakia · Denmark · Dutch East Indies · Egypt · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Japanese occupation of Hong Kong · Hungary · on July 26–August 12, 1944. There, the Waffen-SS The Waffen-SS was the combat arm of the Schutzstaffel ("Protective Squadron") or SS, an organ of the Nazi Party. The Waffen-SS saw action throughout World War II and grew from three regiments to over 38 divisions, and served alongside the Wehrmacht Heer regular army, but was never formally part of it. It was Adolf Hitler's will that the defeated a Soviet attack against Estonia.
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Geography
View from Põrguaugu mägi towards PargimägiThe Sinimäed hills are gently sloping mounds rather than mountains. Nevertheless, the hills are a dominant landform in the area - the height of the surrounding limestone plateau is on average 30 m above sea level, while the hills are up to 50 m higher.[1] Pargimägi and Põrguaugu mägi are the two higher hills - 85 and 83 m, respectively, while Tornimägi is somewhat lower, 70 m. The ridge is about 3 km long.
The location of the hills on a 5 km wide strip between the Finnish Gulf The Gulf of Finland is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea that extends between Finland (to the north) and Estonia (to the south) all the way to Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the Gulf of Finland belong to Russia, and some of and the woods and bogs of Alutaguse is the origin of their strategic importance.[2] Tallinn-Narva highway (E20 The European route E 20 is part of the United Nations International E-road network) passes the hills from the north and Tallinn-Tapa-Narva railway from the south.
The hills have at their core huge blocks of limestone Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite . Like most other sedimentary rocks, limestones are composed of grains, however, around 80-90% of limestone grains are skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera. Other carbonate grains comprising limestones are ooids, peloids, intraclasts, and, but their geological origin is not clear.[3] They are believed to be formed either by continental glacier (terminal moraine Terminal moraines are one of the most prominent types of moraines in the Arctic. One famous terminal moraine is the Giant's Wall in Norway which, according to legend, was built by giants to keep intruders out of their realm. It is now known that terminal moraines are created at the edge of the greatest extent of the glacier. At this point, the) or by clay diapirs A diapir (French, from Greek diapeirein, to pierce through) is a type of intrusion in which a more mobile and ductily-deformable material is forced into brittle overlying rocks. Depending on the tectonic environment, diapirs can range from idealized mushroom-shaped Rayleigh-Taylor instability-type structures in regions with low tectonic stress, or by the combination of both factors.[3]
Military history
The western hill, Tornimägi, had an outpost during the Great Northern War 1st Tönning – Narva – Düna – Erastfer – Kliszów – Pułtusk – Jēkabpils – Poznań – Punitz – Gemauerthof – Warsaw – Grodno – Fraustadt – Kalisz – Holowczyn – Malatitze – Lesnaya – Poltava – Perevolochna – Pruth Campaign – Helsingborg – Gadebusch – 2nd Tönning – Bender – Finland – Stralsund –.
During World War I World War I was a military conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918 and involved most of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 15 million people were, Pargimägi with its defensive structures was part of Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербург , tr. Sankt-Peterburg, pronounced [sankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk]) is a city and a federal subject (a federal city) of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city's other names were Petrograd (Russian: Петроград, IPA [pʲɪtrɐˈgrat], 19's preliminary defence line.
The Blue Mountains saw fighting in 1919 in Estonian War of Independence The Estonian War of Independence , was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies against the Soviet Western Front offensive and the offensives of the Baltic nobility-established armies in 1918–1920 in connection with the Russian Civil War. The campaign was the struggle of the Republic of Estonia for sovereignty in the aftermath of.
Extensive battles took place at the Sinimäed towards the end of World War II Albania · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Burma · Cambodia · Canada · Ceylon (Sri Lanka) · Channel Islands · China · Czechoslovakia · Denmark · Dutch East Indies · Egypt · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Japanese occupation of Hong Kong · Hungary ·. (see Battle of Tannenberg Line). After defending the Narva bridgehead against the Red Army The Red Army (Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия, Raboche-Krest'yanskaya Krasnaya Armiya; RKKA was the Soviet government’s revolutionary militia beginning in the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the USSR. Since 1946, after the Second World War, it was called the Soviet Army for six months, the German army detachment "Narwa" The Battle of Narva was a military campaign between the German army detachment "Narwa" and the Soviet Leningrad Front fought for the strategically important Narva Isthmus in 2 February – 10 August 1944 fell back to the Tannenberg Defensive Line on the hills. In two ferocious battles lasting for 25–31 July and 2–10 August, 1944 with a break of a single day, the vastly outnumbered German army group held out under the pressure of the Estonian Operation of the Soviet Leningrad Front The Leningrad Front was first formed on August 27, 1941, by dividing the Northern Front into the Leningrad Front and Karelian Front, during the German approach on Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg).
In German, the eastern hill was known as Kinderheimhöhe, the central hill was Grenadierhöhe and the westernmost known as Liebhöhe. There is a memorial site to commemorate the fallen on the hill of Põrgumägi.
See also
Notes
- ^ (Estonian) Suuroja, Kalle (2005). Põhja-Eesti klint. Eesti Geoloogiakeskus. ISBN The International Standard Book Number is a unique[clarification needed] numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, now Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin,[clarification needed] for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966 998581553X.
- ^ "Northeast Coast Contrasts" (PDF). http://www.toila.ee/uploads_folder/files/kaardid/6%20-%20Ida-Viru2.pdf. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
- ^ a b (Estonian) "Sõdadest räsitud Sinimäed" (HTML). Eesti Loodus. http://www.loodusajakiri.ee/eesti_loodus/artikkel759_753.html. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
References
- Ülo Kaevats et al. 1995. Eesti Entsüklopeedia 8. Tallinn: Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, ISBN 5-89900-003-1
- Sõdadest räsitud Sinimäed Eesti Loodus
Coordinates A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on Earth to be specified in three coordinates, using mainly a spherical coordinate system: 59°22′30″N 27°52′00″E / 59.375°N 27.8666667°E
Categories: Ida-Viru County | Landforms of Estonia |
