Tokugawa Nariaki (徳川 斉昭 Tokugawa Nariaki, April 4, 1800 - September 29, 1860) was a prominent Japanese daimyo Daimyo ( daimyō (help·info)) is a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in premodern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings. In the term, "dai" （大） literally means "large", and "myō" stands for myōden (名田), meaning private land who ruled the Mito domain (now Ibaraki prefecture Ibaraki Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region on Honshū island. The capital is Mito) and contributed to the rise of nationalism and the Meiji restoration The Meiji Restoration , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure. It occurred in the latter half of the 19th century, a period that spans both the late Edo period (often called Late Tokugawa shogunate) and the beginning of the Meiji Era.
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Clan leader
Nariaki was the 3rd son of Tokugawa Harutoshi, the seventh generation daimyo Daimyo ( daimyō (help·info)) is a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in premodern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings. In the term, "dai" （大） literally means "large", and "myō" stands for myōden (名田), meaning private land of Mito. The family headship first passed to Harutoshi's eldest son Narinobu, before being passed on to Nariaki in 1829.[1]
Bakufu official
Nariaki was put in charge of Bakufu Shogun listen (help·info) (literally, "a commander of a force") is a military rank and historical title for (in most cases) hereditary military dictator of Japan. The modern rank is equivalent to a Generalissimo. Although the original meaning of "shogun" is simply "a general", as a title, it is used as the short form efforts to defend the country against encroaching foreigners. His own view was that the bakufu should strengthen its military and fight the foreigners, and was at odds with Ii Naosuke on the issue. He was pro-emperor and favored imperial restoration. Nariaki also greatly expanded the Mitogaku Mitogaku refers to a school of Japanese historical and Shinto studies that arose in the Mito domain, in modern-day Ibaraki prefecture school established by Tokugawa Mitsukuni Tokugawa Mitsukuni was a prominent daimyo who was known for his influence in the politics of the early Edo period. He was the third son of Tokugawa Yorifusa (who in turn was the eighth son of Tokugawa Ieyasu) and succeeded him, becoming the second daimyo of the Mito domain. He wrote a document entitled "Japan, Reject the Westerners" in 1853. in this document, he stated ten reasons why Japan should stay isolated from the rest of the world. He said that the Japanese people had a choice between war and peace, but clearly to him, the Japanese people should choose war so that Westerners would not intrude into Japan's affairs.
Nariaki and Naosuke fought over who would succeed the Shogun Iesada, with Nariaki championing his son Yoshinobu Prince Tokugawa Yoshinobu (徳川 慶喜 Tokugawa Yoshinobu , October 28, 1837–November 22, 1913) was the 15th and last shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful. After resigning in late 1867, he went into retirement, and largely avoided the. Naosuke, who eventually prevailed, favored the Wakayama Domain daimyo Tokugawa Yoshitomi.
Legacy
Nariaki retired in 1844 in favor of his son Yoshiatsu, and died of a heart attack Myocardial infarction or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, is the interruption of blood supply to part of the heart, causing some heart cells to die. This is most commonly due to occlusion (blockage) of a coronary artery following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is an unstable collection in 1860, at age 61.
Three of the leading figures of the 1860s were in fact natural brothers, all being sons of Nariaki: Hitoshubashi Keiki, who became shogun as Tokugawa Keiki in 1866; Tokugawa Yoshiatsu of Mito; and Ikeda Yoshinori of Inaba Inaba was an old province of Japan in the area that is today the eastern part of Tottori Prefecture. Inaba bordered on Harima, Hōki, Mimasaka, and Tajima Provinces (Tottori).[2]
Works by Nariaki
Published posthumously:
- Kōdōkan ki 弘道館記 (1937). Ed. by Meiji Seitoku Kinen Gakkai 明治聖德記念學會. Tokyo: Meiji Seitoku Kinen Gakkai 明治聖德記念學會.
- Meikun ippanshō 明君一斑抄 (1910-1911). Ed. by Kurokawa Mamichi 黒川真道. Tokyo: Dōbunkan 同文館.
Notes
- ^ 徳川斉昭
- ^ Beasley, William. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868, p. 11 n3.
References
- Beasley, W.G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868. London: Oxford University Press Oxford University Press is the largest university press in the world. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics appointed by the Vice-Chancellor known as the Delegates of the Press. They are headed by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative. [reprinted by RoutledgeCurzon Routledge is a publisher of non-fiction academic books and journals. It was acquired in 1997 by, and is thus now an imprint of, the Taylor & Francis Group, which is a sub-division of Informa PLC, a company based in the United Kingdom with offices worldwide. A majority of Routledge's books are based in the humanities and social sciences and all, London, 2001. 10-ISBN 0-197-13508-0; 13-ISBN 978-0-197-13508-2 (cloth)]
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Further reading
- Kobayashi Kenji 小林健二 (1998). Tokugawa Nariaki to hansharo 徳川斉昭と反射炉. Tokyo: Sōei Shuppan 創栄出版.
- Lambeti, Matthew V. (1968). A political study of Tokugawa Nariaki of Mito, 1800-1860. New York: Columbia University. (microfilm)
- Ōniwa Kunihiko 大庭邦彦 (1997). Chichi yori Yoshinobu dono e: Mito Nariaki Hitotsubashi Yoshinobu ate shokanshū 父より慶喜殿へ: 水戶斉昭一橋慶喜宛書簡集. Tokyo: Shūeisha 集英社.
External links
| Preceded by Tokugawa Narinobu | Daimyo of Mito 1829-1844 | Succeeded by Tokugawa Yoshiatsu |
Categories: Daimyo Categories: Samurai | Japanese nobility | Government of feudal Japan | People of Edo period Japan | Tokugawa clan | 1800 births | 1860 deaths | Mito Domain |
