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Caroline of Ansbach Information

Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (Wilhelmina Charlotte Caroline; 1 March 1683 – 20 November 1737)[1] was the queen consort of King George II of Great Britain.

Born the daughter of a ruler from a small German state, Caroline was orphaned at a young age and moved to the enlightened court of her guardian, Prussian queen Sophia Charlotte. Here she was well educated and exposed to a wide array of interests, and adopted the liberal outlook possessed by her guardian. They became good friends, and Sophia Charlotte's views influenced Caroline all her life.

As a young woman, Caroline was much-sought after as a bride. In 1705, after rejecting several suitors, she married the third-in-line to the British throne, George Augustus, the electoral prince of Hanover. They had eight children, seven of whom grew to adulthood. In 1714, Caroline became the first princess of Wales since Catherine of Aragon; she joined her husband in rallying political opposition to his father King George I.

Caroline succeeded as queen consort in 1727, when her husband became King George II. As princess and as queen, Caroline was known for her political influence, and came to be associated with Robert Walpole, the government's long-serving leading minister. Caroline's reign included four regencies during her husband's stays in Hanover, and she is credited with strengthening the Hanoverian dynasty's place in Britain in a period of political instability. Her death in 1737 left Caroline widely mourned not only by the public, but also by the king, who refused to remarry.

Contents

Early life

On 1 March 1683 at Ansbach, Caroline was born the daughter of John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, and his second wife, Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach.[2][3] Her father was the ruler of one of the smallest German states, and died when Caroline was three years old.[4][5] Caroline and her only full sibling, Margrave William Frederick, returned to their mother's native country of Eisenach, and then moved to Dresden when their widowed mother was forced into an unhappy marriage with the Elector of Saxony. Eleanore Erdmuthe was widowed two years later, after her husband contracted smallpox from his mistress.[6] Eleonore remained in Saxony, where she died in 1696.[3][4] After a brief stay in their native Ansbach, Caroline and William Frederick moved to Lützenburg outside of Berlin, where they entered into the care of their new guardians, Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, and his wife Sophia Charlotte.[3]

Education

Sophia Charlotte was renowned for her intelligence and strong character, and her liberal court attracted a great many scholars (including Gottfried Leibniz), who were able to talk uncensored and uninhibited.[4] Caroline thus entered into a lively environment quite different from anything she had experienced previously. Before she began her education under the electress' care, Caroline had received little formal education; her handwriting remained poor throughout her life.[3][7]

This new education was received by a lively mind, and Caroline developed into a scholar of considerable ability.[4] Caroline and Sophia Charlotte (who became queen of Prussia in 1701) developed a strong relationship, with the queen once declaring Berlin was "a desert" without Caroline when she temporarily left for Ansbach.[3][7]

Marriage

An engraving depicting the royal couple and their seven surviving children.

An intelligent and attractive woman, Caroline was a much sought-after bride. She was considered by the Habsburgs as a candidate for the hand of Archduke Charles of Austria (later Holy Roman Emperor). Charles made official overtures to her in 1703, and the match was encouraged by King Frederick; after some consideration, Caroline refused in 1704, as she would not convert from Lutheranism to Catholicism.[3] Caroline was also one of the princesses considered for the Spanish crown.[8] Early in the following year, Queen Sophia Charlotte died on a visit to her native Hanover.[9] Caroline was devastated, writing to Leibniz, "The calamity has overwhelmed me with grief and sickness, and it is only the hope that I may soon follow her that consoles me."[9]

In June 1705, Caroline's first cousin, George Augustus, the electoral prince of Hanover, visited the Brandenburg court, supposedly "incognito", to inspect her, as his father Prince-Elector George did not want his son to enter into a loveless, arranged marriage like he had.[4][10][11] George Augustus immediately took a liking to her "good character" and the British envoy reported that George "would not think of anybody else after her".[3][11] For her part, Caroline was not fooled by George's disguise, and she found her suitor attractive.[10] The prince was third-in-line to the British throne to succeed Queen Anne, after the claims of his grandmother Dowager Electress Sophia and his father.[10]

On 22 August/2 September 1705 Caroline arrived in Hanover for her wedding to George; they were married that evening in the palace chapel at Herrenhausen.[2][3][12] By May of the following year, Caroline thought herself pregnant, and her first child Prince Frederick was born on 20 January/1 February 1707.[13] A few months after the birth, in July, Caroline fell seriously ill with smallpox followed by pneumonia. Her baby was kept away from her, but George remained at her side devotedly, and caught and survived the infection himself.[14] Over the next seven years, Caroline had three more girls, Anne, Amelia, and Caroline, all of whom were born in Hanover.[15]

The accession of her husband's family to the British throne was still insecure, as Queen Anne's half-brother James Francis Edward Stuart contested the Hanoverian claim, and Queen Anne and Caroline's grandmother-in-law Electress Sophia had fallen out. Anne refused permission for any of the Hanoverians to visit Britain in her lifetime.[16] Caroline wrote to Leibniz, "I accept the comparison which you draw, though all too flattering, between me and Queen Elizabeth as a good omen. Like Elizabeth, the Electress's rights are denied her by a jealous sister [Queen Anne], and she will never be sure of the English crown until her accession to the throne."[17] In June 1714, Electress Sophia died at the age of 84, and Caroline's father-in-law became heir presumptive to Queen Anne. Just weeks later, Anne died and George's father was proclaimed as her successor, becoming George I of Great Britain.

Princess of Wales

George sailed to England in September 1714, and Caroline and two of her daughters followed in October.[18] Her journey across the North Sea from The Hague to Margate was the first and only sea voyage she took in her life.[19] Their young son, Prince Frederick, remained in Hanover to be brought up by private tutors.[15]

The Princess of Wales, painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller in 1717.

On the accession of George I in 1714, Caroline's husband automatically became Duke of Cornwall, and was invested, shortly afterwards, as Prince of Wales, whereupon she became Princess of Wales. Caroline was the first to receive this title at the same time as her husband.[10] She was the first Princess of Wales for over two hundred years, the last one being Catherine of Aragon. As George I had repudiated his wife Sophia Dorothea of Celle in 1694 prior to his becoming King of Great Britain, there was no queen consort, and Caroline was the highest ranking woman in the kingdom. Two separate courts developed with strong contrasts; the old king's had German courtiers, while the Wales's court attracted English nobles, and was considerably more popular with the British people. Political opposition to the king gradually became centered around George and Caroline.[15]

Two years after their arrival in England, Caroline suffered a stillbirth, which the Countess of Buckenburgh blamed on the incompetence of English doctors,[20] but the following year she had another son, Prince George William. At the baptism in November 1717, her husband fell out with his father, leading to the couple's placement under house arrest at St. James's Palace.[21] She and her husband moved into Leicester House, while their children remained in the care of the King.[22] Caroline fell sick with worry, and fainted during a secret visit to her children made without the King's approval.[23] By January, the King had relented and allowed Caroline unrestricted access.[24] In February, Prince George William fell ill, and the King allowed both George and Caroline to see him at Kensington Palace without any conditions. When the baby died, a post-mortem was conducted to prove that the cause of death was disease (a polyp on the heart) rather than the separation from his mother.[24] Further tragedy occurred in 1718, when Caroline miscarried at Richmond Lodge, her country residence.[25] Over the next few years, Caroline had three more children: a boy and two girls. During this time, Caroline struck up a friendship with politician Sir Robert Walpole, and in 1720, he and Caroline helped to effect a reconciliation between the King and her husband for the sake of public unity.[3][26]

Caroline's intellect far outstripped George's. As a young woman, she corresponded with Gottfried Leibniz, the intellectual colossus who was courtier and factotum to the House of Hanover. She also helped initiate the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence, arguably the most important of all 18th century philosophy of physics discussions, which is still widely read today. She helped to popularise the practice of variolation (an early type of immunisation), which had been witnessed by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Charles Maitland in Constantinople. At the direction of Caroline, six prisoners condemned to death were offered the chance to undergo variolation instead of execution: they all survived, as did six orphan children given the same treatment as a further test. Convinced of its medical value, Caroline had her children inoculated against smallpox in the same manner.[27] She read avidly, and John Arbuthnot told Jonathan Swift that Caroline had enjoyed his Gulliver's Travels, particularly the tale of the crown prince who wore one high-heel and one low-heel in a country where the King and his party wore low heels, and the opposition wore high ones: a barely veiled reference to George's political leanings.[28]

By and large, George and Caroline had a successful marriage, though he continued to keep mistresses, as was customary for the time.[29] Caroline was well-aware of George's infidelities, as they were open knowledge and George told her about them. His two best-known mistresses were Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk, who was one of Caroline's Ladies of the Bedchamber and became Mistress of the Robes in 1731, and Amalie von Wallmoden, Countess of Yarmouth. In contrast with her mother-in-law, Caroline was known for her marital fidelity; she never made any embarrassing scenes nor did she take lovers.[29]

Queen and regent

Portrait of Queen Caroline, painted by Charles Jervas

Caroline became queen consort on the death of her father-in-law in 1727, and she was crowned alongside her husband at Westminster Abbey on 11 October that year.[2] Though the new king denounced Walpole as a "rogue and rascal" over the terms of the past reconciliation between the two Georges, Caroline advised her husband to retain him as the leading minister.[3] Walpole commanded a substantial majority in Parliament and George II had little choice but to accept him or risk ministerial instability.[30] Walpole secured a civil list payment of £100,000 a year for Caroline,[3] and she was given both Somerset House and Richmond Lodge.[31] Walpole became known as "the Queen's minister" by the opposition;[3] for the next ten years, Caroline had immense influence. She persuaded the King to adopt policies at the behest of Walpole, and persuaded Walpole against taking inflammatory actions. Caroline had absorbed the liberal opinions of her mentor, Queen Sophia Charlotte of Prussia, and supported clemency for the Jacobites, freedom of the press, and freedom of speech in Parliament.[32]

In the course of the next few years, she and her husband fought a constant battle against their eldest son, Frederick, Prince of Wales, who had been left behind in Germany when they came to England. He joined the family in 1728, by which time he was an adult, had mistresses and debts, and was fond of gambling and practical jokes. He opposed his father's political beliefs, and complained of his lack of influence in government.[3][33] The Regency Act 1728 made Caroline rather than Frederick regent when her husband was in Hanover for five months from May 1729. During her regency, a diplomatic incident with Portugal (where a British ship had been seized on the Tagus) was defused, and the negotiation of the Treaty of Seville between Britain and Spain was concluded.[33] From May 1732, she was regent for four months while George was away again in Hanover. An investigation into the penal system uncovered widespread abuses, including cruel treatment and conspiracy in the escape of wealthy convicts. Caroline pressed Walpole for reform, largely unsuccessfully.[34] In March 1733, Walpole introduced an unpopular excise bill to parliament, which gathered such strong opposition that Caroline advised him to drop it. He did so.[35]

Caroline's entire life in Britain was spent in the South-East of England in or around London.[36] As Queen, she continued to surround herself with artists, writers, and intellectuals, commissioning works such as terracotta busts of the kings and queens of England from Michael Rysbrack.[37] She collected jewellery, especially cameos and intaglios, acquired important portraits and miniatures, and enjoyed the visual arts. In 1728, she rediscovered sets of sketches by Leonardo da Vinci and Hans Holbein that had been hidden in a drawer since the reign of William III.[38] She supervised the design of the gardens of the royal palaces around London by William Kent and Charles Bridgeman.[39]

Caroline's eldest daughter Anne married William IV of Orange in 1734, and moved with her husband to the Netherlands. Caroline wrote to her daughter of her "indescribable" sadness at the parting.[40] Anne soon felt homesick, and travelled back to England when her husband went on campaign. Eventually, her husband and father commanded her to return to Holland.[41]

Final years

In mid-1735, Frederick, Prince of Wales, was further dismayed by his parents when Caroline again acted as regent while the King was absent in Hanover.[42] During the regency, the Prince of Wales attempted to start a number of quarrels with his mother, whom he saw as a useful proxy to irritate the king.[3] George and Caroline arranged Frederick's marriage, in 1736, to Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. Shortly after the wedding, George went to Hanover, and Caroline resumed her role as "Protector of the Realm". As regent, Caroline was considering the reprieve of Captain John Porteous, who had been convicted of murder in Edinburgh, when a mob stormed the jail where he was held and killed him. Caroline was appalled.[43] George's absences abroad were leading to unpopularity, and in late 1736 he made plans to return, but his ship was caught in poor weather, and it was rumoured that he had been lost at sea. Caroline was devastated, and disgusted by the insensitivity of her son, who hosted a dinner while the gale was blowing.[44] George eventually returned in January 1737.[45]

Caroline and her eldest son, the Prince of Wales, had a difficult relationship throughout her lifetime.

Frederick applied to Parliament for an increased financial allowance which had hitherto been denied him by the King, and public disagreement over the payment of the money drove a further wedge between parents and son. Frederick's allowance was raised but by less than he had asked for.[46] In June 1737, Frederick informed his parents that Augusta was pregnant, and due to give birth in October. In fact, Augusta's due date was earlier and a peculiar episode followed in July in which the Prince, on discovering that his wife had gone into labour, sneaked her out of Hampton Court Palace in the middle of the night, to ensure that the King and Queen could not be present at the birth.[47] George and Caroline were horrified. Traditionally, royal births were witnessed by members of the family and senior courtiers to guard against supposititious children, and Augusta had been forced by her husband to ride in a rattling carriage while heavily pregnant and in pain. With a party including two of her daughters and Lord Hervey, the Queen raced over to St. James's Palace, where Frederick had taken Augusta.[48] Caroline was relieved to discover that Augusta had given birth to a "poor, ugly little she-mouse" rather than a "large, fat, healthy boy" which made a supposititious child unlikely since the baby was so pitiful.[49] The circumstances of the birth deepened the estrangement between mother and son.[49] Caroline once reportedly remarked after seeing Frederick, "Look, there he goes—that wretch!—that villain!—I wish the ground would open this moment and sink the monster to the lowest hole in hell!".[3]

In the final years of her life, Caroline was troubled by gout in her feet,[50] but more seriously she had suffered a hernia at the birth of her final child in 1724.[51] On 9 November 1737, she felt an intense pain and took to her bed. Her womb had ruptured. Over the next few days she was bled, purged, and operated on, without anaesthetic, but there was no improvement in her condition.[52] The King refused Frederick permission to see his mother,[53] a decision with which she complied; she sent her son a message of forgiveness through Walpole.[54] She asked her husband to remarry after her death, which he rejected saying he would take only mistresses; she replied "Ah, mon Dieu, cela n'empêche pas" ("My God, that doesn't prevent it").[54] She died on 20 November 1737 at St. James's Palace.[2]

She was buried in Westminster Abbey on 17 December.[3] Handel composed an elaborate 10-section anthem for the occasion, The ways of Zion do mourn / Funeral Anthem for Queen Caroline. Frederick was not invited to the funeral. The King arranged for a pair of matching coffins with removable sides, so that when he followed her to the grave (23 years later), they could lie together again.[55]

Legacy

Caroline was widely seen as having great influence over her husband.[56] A satirical verse of the period went:[57]

You may strut, dapper George, but 'twill all be in vain,
We all know 'tis Queen Caroline, not you, that reign -
You govern no more than Don Philip of Spain.
Then if you would have us fall down and adore you,
Lock up your fat spouse, as your dad did before you.

She was widely mourned. Even the Jacobites acknowledged her compassion, and her intervention on the side of mercy for their compatriots.[58] It is probable that along with Anne Boleyn, who promoted the Protestant Reformation, and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who determined foreign policy, Caroline of Ansbach was one of the most influential consorts in British history. Her biographers credit her with aiding the establishment of the House of Hanover in Britain, in the face of Jacobite opposition. R. L. Arkell wrote "by her acumen and geniality, [Caroline] ensured the dynasty's rooting itself in England", and W. H. Wilkins said her "gracious and dignified personality, her lofty ideals and pure life did much to counteract the unpopularity of her husband and father-in-law, and redeem the early Georgian era from utter grossness."[59]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Styles of Queen Caroline as consort
Reference style Her Majesty
Spoken style Your Majesty
Alternative style Ma'am

Titles and styles

Honours

Caroline County in the British Colony of Virginia was named in her honour when it was formed in 1727.

Arms

Queen Caroline's coat of arms.

The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom are impaled with those of her father, Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach. The arms of her father were Quarterly of fifteen, 1st, Per fess Gules and Argent, within a bordure counter-changed of the same (Magdeburg); 2nd, Argent, an eagle displayed Sable, crowned Or; 3rd, Or a griffin segreant Gules, crowned; 4th and 5th, Argent a griffin segreant Gules; 6th, Or a griffin segreant Sable; 7th, Argent, an eagle displayed Sable (Crossen); 8th, Per pale Argent and Gules within a bordure counter-changed of the same (Halberstadt); 9th, Argent, an eagle displayed Sable; 10th, Or, a lion rampant Sable, crowned, within a bordure goboné Argent and Gules (Nuremberg); 11th, Gules, two keys in Saltire Or (Minden); 12th, Quarterly Argent and Sable (Hohenzollern); 13th, The field Gules, the figure Argent; 14th, Per fess Gules and Argent; 15th, Plain field of Gules (for right of regalia); Overall an inescutcheon, Argent an eagle displayed Gules (Brandenburg).[60][61]

As Princess of Wales she used the arms of her husband (the royal arms with a label Argent of three points) impaled with those of her father, the whole surmounted by a coronet of the heir apparent.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Caroline of Ansbach
16. John George, Elector of Brandenburg
8. Joachim Ernest of Brandenburg-Ansbach
17. Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst
4. Albert V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
18. John George I, Count of Solms-Laubach
9. Sophie of Solms-Laubach
19. Margaret of Schönburg-Glauchau
2. Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
20. Ludwig, Count of Oettingen-Oettingen
10. Joachim, Duke of Oettingen-Oettingen
21. Margaretha of Erbach
5. Sophie Margaret of Oettingen-Oettingen
22. Heinrich Wilhelm I, Count of Solms-Sonnenwalde and Pouch
11. Anna Sibylle of Solms-Sonnenwalde
23. Sophie Dorothea of Mansfeld
1. Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
24. John II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
12. Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
25. Dorothea Maria of Anhalt
6. John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
26. John George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
13. Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
27. Dorothea of Pfalz-Simmern
3. Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach
28. William II, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein
14. Ernest of Sayn-Wittgenstein
29. Anna of Sayn
7. Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein
30. George III, Count of Erbach
15. Louise of Erbach
31. Maria of Barby-Mühlingen

Children

Caroline's nine pregnancies (from 1707–1724) resulted in eight live births—one of whom, Prince George William (13 November 1717 – 17 February 1718), died in infancy, and seven of whom lived to adulthood:

Name Birth Death Notes[62]
Frederick, Prince of Wales 1 February 1707 31 March 1751 married 1736, Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenberg; had issue
Anne, Princess Royal 2 November 1709 12 January 1759 married 1734, Prince William IV of Orange-Nassau; had issue
Princess Amelia 10 June 1711 31 October 1786
Princess Caroline 10 June 1713 28 December 1757
Prince Augustus George 9 November 1716 9 November 1716 stillborn
Prince George William 20 October 1717 17 February 1718 died in infancy
Prince William, Duke of Cumberland 26 April 1721 31 October 1765
Princess Mary 5 March 1723 14 January 1772 married 1740, Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel); had issue
Princess Louise 18 December 1724 19 December 1751 married 1743, Frederick V, King of Denmark and Norway; had issue

Notes

  1. ^ a b c All dates in this article use the Old Style Julian calendar, used in Hanover up to 1700 and Britain up to 1752, except for events in Hanover after 1700 where both Julian and New Style Gregorian dates are given.
  2. ^ a b c d Weir, pp. 277–78.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Taylor, Stephen. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
  4. ^ a b c d e Hichens, p. 19.
  5. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 11
  6. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 12
  7. ^ a b Van der Kiste, p. 13
  8. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 16
  9. ^ a b Van der Kiste, p. 14
  10. ^ a b c d Fryer et al., p. 33.
  11. ^ a b Van der Kiste, p. 15
  12. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 17
  13. ^ Van der Kiste, pp. 18–19
  14. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 21
  15. ^ a b c Fryer et al., p. 34.
  16. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 30
  17. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 28
  18. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 36
  19. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 38
  20. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 60
  21. ^ Hichens, p. 23. Caroline was originally allowed to stay with their children, but refused as she believed her place was with her husband.
  22. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 64
  23. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 66
  24. ^ a b Van der Kiste, p. 67
  25. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 68
  26. ^ Van der Kiste, pp. 72–73
  27. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 83
  28. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 82
  29. ^ a b Hichens, p. 21.
  30. ^ Black, pp. 29–31, 53, and 61
  31. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 93
  32. ^ Van der Kiste, pp. 104–105
  33. ^ a b Van der Kiste, p. 119
  34. ^ Van der Kiste, pp. 126–127
  35. ^ Van der Kiste, pp. 127–128
  36. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 41
  37. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 124
  38. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 123
  39. ^ Van der Kiste, pp. 101–102
  40. ^ Van der Kiste, p.134
  41. ^ Van der Kiste, pp. 135–136
  42. ^ Van der Kiste, pp. 139–140
  43. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 148
  44. ^ Van der Kiste, pp. 150–152
  45. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 52
  46. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 154
  47. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 155
  48. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 156
  49. ^ a b Van der Kiste, p. 157
  50. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 108
  51. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 136
  52. ^ Van der Kiste, pp. 161–163
  53. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 161
  54. ^ a b Van der Kiste, p. 162
  55. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 164
  56. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 102
  57. ^ Uglow, p. 126
  58. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 165
  59. ^ Quoted in Van der Kiste, p. 165
  60. ^ Willement, p. 104.
  61. ^ Boutell, pp. 245-246
  62. ^ All dates in this table are New Style and are taken from Weir, pp. 277–284

Sources

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Caroline of Ansbach
Caroline of Ansbach House of Hohenzollern Born: 1 March 1683 Died: 20 November 1737
British royalty
Vacant Title last held by George of Denmark as prince consort of Great Britain Queen consort of Great Britain Queen consort of Ireland 1727–1737 Vacant Title next held by Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
German nobility
Vacant Title last held by Sophia of Hanover Electress consort of Hanover 1727–1737 Succeeded by Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
· · British princesses by marriage
1st generation Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
2nd generation Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
3rd generation Maria Walpole · Anne Luttrell
4th generation Duchess Caroline of Brunswick · Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia · The Princess Mary* · Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen · Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld · Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz · Princess Augusta of Hesse-Cassel
5th generation Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg
6th generation Princess Alexandra of Denmark · Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia · Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia · Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont · Princess Thyra of Denmark
7th generation Princess Mary of Teck · Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein · Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife* · Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia
8th generation Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon · Lady Alice Montagu-Douglas-Scott · Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark
9th generation Birgitte Henriksen · Katharine Worsley · Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz
10th generation Lady Diana Spencer · Camilla Parker-Bowles · Sarah Ferguson · Sophie Rhys-Jones
11th generation Catherine Middleton
* also princess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in her own right.
· · Princesses of Wales

Camilla Parker-Bowles (2005 – present)

Lady Diana Frances Spencer (1981–1996) · Mary of Teck (1901–1910) · Alexandra of Denmark (1863–1901) · Caroline of Brunswick (1795–1820) · Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (1736–1751) · Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1714–1727) · Catherine of Aragon (1501–1502) · Anne Neville (1470–1471) · Joan of Kent (1361–1376) · Eleanor de Montfort (pre-conquest) (c. 1252–1282)
· · Consorts of the British monarch
Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark (1952-) Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (1936–1952) · Princess Mary of Teck (1910–1936) · Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1901–1910) · Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1840–1861) · Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (1830–1837) · Duchess Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1820–1821) · Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1761–1818) · Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1727–1737) · Prince George of Denmark and Norway (1707–1708)
Persondata
Name Caroline Of Ansbach
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth 1 March 1683
Place of birth Ansbach, Germany
Date of death 20 November 1737
Place of death St. James's Palace, London

Categories: Margravines of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Irish royal consorts | British royal consorts | Princesses of Wales | British princesses by marriage | Duchesses of Bremen | Princesses of Verden | House of Hanover | House of Hohenzollern | Female regents | People from Ansbach | People from the Principality of Ansbach | Burials at Westminster Abbey | 1683 births | 1737 deaths | Electoral Princesses of Hanover | Electresses of Hanover | Duchesses of Saxe-Lauenburg | Duchesses of Brunswick-Lüneburg

 

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