Marcus Tullius Cicero ( / ˈ s ɪ s ɨ r oʊ /; Classical Latin: [ˈkɪkɛroː]; January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC; sometimes anglicized as Tully), was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Roman constitutionalist. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the equestrian order, and is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.

He introduced the Romans to the chief schools of Greek philosophy and created a Latin philosophical vocabulary (with neologisms such as humanitas, qualitas, quantitas, and essentia) distinguishing himself as a linguist, translator, and philosopher. An impressive orator and successful lawyer, Cicero thought that his political career was his most important achievement. Today, he is appreciated primarily for his humanism and philosophical and political writings. His voluminous correspondence, much of it addressed to his friend Atticus, has been especially influential, introducing the art of refined letter writing to European culture. Cornelius Nepos, the 1st century BC biographer of Atticus, remarked that Cicero's letters contained such a wealth of detail "concerning the inclinations of leading men, the faults of the generals, and the revolutions in the government" that their reader had little need for a history of the period. Cicero's speeches and letters remain some of the most important primary sources that survive on the last days of the Roman Republic.

During the chaotic latter half of the 1st century BC marked by civil wars and the dictatorship of Gaius Julius Caesar, Cicero championed a return to the traditional republican government. However, his career as a statesman was marked by inconsistencies and a tendency to shift his position in response to changes in the political climate. His indecision may be attributed to his sensitive and impressionable personality; he was prone to overreaction in the face of political and private change. "Would that he had been able to endure prosperity with greater self control, and adversity with more fortitude!" wrote C. Asinius Pollio, a contemporary Roman statesman and historian. Cicero became an enemy of Mark Antony, attacking him in a series of speeches. He was proscribed as an enemy of the state by the Second Triumvirate and subsequently murdered in 43 BC.

Noun

cicero (plural ciceros)

1. (typography) A European unit of measure, equivalent to 12 Didot points, or about 4.52 mm or 0.178 in.

• pica

Marcus Tullius Cicero (January 3, 106 BC–December 7, 43 BC) (also known by the anglicized name Tully, in and after the Middle Ages) was an orator and statesman of Ancient Rome. The standard English pronunciation of his name is [ˈsɪsərəʊ], though in classical Latin it was [ˈkikero])

Contents

• 1 Sourced
  • 1.1 In Catilinam I - Against Catilina, Speech One (63 B.C)
  • 1.2 M. Tulli Ciceronis Orator Ad M. Brutum (46 B.C.)
  • 1.3 De Officiis - On Duties (44 B.C.)
  • 1.4 De Amicitia - On Friendship (44 B.C.)
  • 1.5 Philippic (44 B.C.)
  • 1.6 Various orations and works
• 2 Misattributed
• 3 External links

Sourced

In Catilinam I - Against Catilina, Speech One (63 B.C)

• Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra?
  • To what length will you abuse our patience, Catiline? Variant translation: How long, Catiline, will you abuse our patience?

• O tempora, o mores!.
  • O, the times, O, the customs!