Ergative Case Products
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Hebrew grammar. Hebrew verb conjugation, Hebrew spelling, Ergative verb, Dative case, Ablative case, Accusative case, Preposition and postposition, Declension, Inflection, Genitive case
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"The 'subject' of a sentence is a concept that presents great challenges to linguists. Most languages have something which looks like a subject, but subjects differ across languages in their nature and properties, making them an interesting phenomenon for those seeking linguistic universals. This pioneering volume takes a new approach to subjects, addressing their nature from a simultaneously formal and typological perspective. Dividing the subject into two distinct grammatical functions, it shows how the nature of these functions explains their respective properties, and argues that the split in properties shown in 'ergative' languages (whereby the subject of intransitive verbs is marked as an object) results from the functions being assigned to different elements of the clause. Drawing on data from a typologically wide variety of languages, including English, Hebrew, Tagalog, Inuit and Acehnese, it explains why, even in the case of very different languages, certain core properties can be found."
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Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language, is the official language of Maharashtra, including Mumbai. Father Thomas Stephens, the first English traveler to Goa, a pioneer linguist, wrote i Christa Puran/i in Marathi (1616) and i Arte da Lingoa Canarim/i in Portuguese, printed in (1640). The latter is a grammar of Konkani, a language closely related to Marathi. It is the first grammar of its kind marking a new grammatical tradition for modern Indo-Aryan languages. The present volume contains an extensive account of Marathi phonology, morphology, word formation and syntax. It succinctly describes the accentual system, special compound verb forms, unique pronominal anaphors, complex agreement due to split ergative system, and special pronominal marking. The book also contains a case study of a child s acquisition of Marathi and an essay on Women s Language, the two topics that are increasingly becoming relevant to the grammar.
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The 'subject' of a sentence is a concept that presents great challenges to linguists. Most languages have something which looks like a subject, but subjects differ across languages in their nature and properties, making them an interesting phenomenon for those seeking linguistic universals. This pioneering volume takes a new approach to subjects, addressing their nature from a simultaneously formal and typological perspective. Dividing the subject into two distinct grammatical functions, it shows how the nature of these functions explains their respective properties, and argues that the split in properties shown in 'ergative' languages (whereby the subject of intransitive verbs is marked as an object) results from the functions being assigned to different elements of the clause. Drawing on data from a typologically wide variety of languages, including English, Hebrew, Tagalog, Inuit and Acehnese, it explains why, even in the case of very different languages, certain core properties can be found.
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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Greenlandic Language, Inuit Grammar, Inuktitut, Inuit Phonology, Inupiaq Language, Inuvialuktun, Inuktitut Syllabics, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktun, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Uummarmiutun, Inuktitut Writing, Nunatsiavummiut ut, Siglitun, Kangiryuarmiutu n, Qawiaraq Language. Excerpt: Greenlandic is an Eskimo-Aleut language spoken by about 57000 people in Greenland and Denmark. It is closely related to the Inuit languages in Canada, such as Inuktitut. The main dialect, Kalaallisut or West Greenlandic, has been the official language of the Greenlandic autonomous territory since June 2009; this is a move by the Greenlandic government to strengthen the language in its competition with the colonial language, Danish. Other dialects are East Greenlandic (Tunumiisut) and the Thule dialect Inuktun. Greenlandic is a polysynthetic language that allows the creation of long words by stringing together roots and suffixes. Its morphosyntactic alignment is ergative. Nouns are inflected for one of the eight cases and for possession. Verbs are inflected for one of the eight moods and for the number and person of its subject and object. Both nouns and verbs have complex derivational morphology. Basic word order in transitive clauses is Subject Object Verb. Subordination of clauses is done by the use of special subordinate moods. A so-called fourth person category enables switch reference between main clauses and subordinate clauses with different subjects. Greenlandic is notable for its lack of a system of grammatical tense, as temporal relations are normally expressed through context, through the use of temporal particles such as "yesterday" or "now" or sometimes through the use of derivational suffixes or the combination of affixes with aspectual meanings with the sema... More:
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This volume represents a good sample of current scholarship on South Asian languages, historical, descriptive, and typological. It includes material pertaining to most of the linguistic Stocks of South Asia (Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Munda, Tibeto-Burman, even Burushaski - along with important comparisons with some of those outside it) - by contributors from six different countries. It grew out of an international conference on South Asian languages held in Moscow in July 2003.Editor's Preface Part I : historical and etymological perspectives :1. On the Evolutionary Changes in the Middle and New Indo-Aryan Systems of Case and Adpositions (with special reference to European Romani)/Vit Bubenik :ASanskrit, Pali Ardhamagadhi, Apabhramsa, Mod. Hindi; + European Romani, cf. w. Pashto, Turkish A2. Words with the Meaning 'Fear' in Indo-Aryan Languages/Tatia na Oranskaia :Avarious NIA Igs, esp. Hindi, Panjabi, Garhwali, Romani ("Gypsy"); Dardic & Nuristani; cf. w. OIA, other IE, esp. *Proto-Slavic, *PIE, Armenian A3. Case, Split Nominativity, Split Ergativity, and Split Accusativity in Hindi : A Historical Perspective/Ale xander A. Sigorskiy :AKhari Boli, Braj, Awadhi, Dakkhini, Nepali, Panjabi APart II : CROSS-LINGUISTI C areal or typological perspectives :ANote : Several Pap
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Case, Scope, and Binding investigates the relation between syntax and semantics within a framework which combines the syntactic Government-Bind ing theory with a novel cross-linguisti c theory of case and semantics. It is argued that case assignment, agreement, syntactic binding relations, as well as the minimum scopes of operators, are all determined by the relations which hold at the level of s-structure. Cross-linguisti c variation with respect to these phenomena is due to corresponding variations at the s-structure level. The minimum scope of an operator cannot exceed its c-command domain at s-structure, but may be reduced by certain semantic mechanisms. The availability of any wider scope option depends on the possibility of movement at LF. The proposed theory is tested in detail against the facts of Inuit (Eskimo-Aleut family), an ergative language with typologically unusual scope and binding relations. For linguists and philosophers interested in syntax, semantics, or the syntax-semantic s interface.
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Patrick Farrell explains how grammatical relations are characterized in modern theories of grammar. He describes the historical development and conceptual precedents of competing theories and, ranging across a wide variety of languages, considers what their merits and limitations are in different contexts. He examines their conceptions of relations such as subject, object, indirect object, agent, patient, and actor, and their accounts of such syntactic phenomena as ergativity, split intransitivity, voice alternations, and case marking. Professor Farrell compares mainstream generative-tran sformational approaches with both formalist and functionalist alternative approaches, revealing points of convergence and divergence. He identifies and discusses problems and issues of continuing concern and considers how these might be resolved. This is an ideal introduction for graduate students and will be a valuable reference for theoretical linguists of all persuasions. Oxford Surveys in Syntax and Morphology General editor: Robert D. Van Valin, Jr. Advisory editors: Guglielmo Cinque, University of Venice; Daniel Everett, University of Manchester; Adele Goldberg, Princeton University; Kees Hengeveld, University of Amsterdam; Caroline Heycock, University of Edinburgh; David Pesetsky, MIT; Ian Roberts, University of Cambridge; Masayoshi Shibatani, Rice University; Andrew Spencer, University of Essex; Tom Wasow, Stanford University This series provides surveys of the major approaches to subjects and questions at the centre of linguistic research in morphosyntax. Its volumes are accessible, critical, and up-to-date. Individually and collectively they reveal the value of the field's intellectual history and theoretical diversity. The books provide graduate students of syntax, morphology and related aspects of semantics with a vital source of information and reference, and are designed for use in graduate courses. They give the context by which specialist articles can be fully understood. They provide useful background reading for advanced undergraduates researching a specific area. Published Grammatical Relations by Patrick Farrell In preparation Phrase Structure by Andrew Carnie Syntactic Categories by Gisa Rauh Morphology and the Lexicon by Daniel Everett The Phonology-Morph ology Interface by Sharon Inkelas Argument Structure: The Syntax-Lexicon Interface by Stephen Weschler The Syntax-Semantic s Interface by Jean-Pierre Koenig Information Structure: the Syntax-Discours e Interface by Nomi Erteschik-Shir Language Universals and Universal Grammar by Anna Siewierska Syntactic Change by Olga Fischer Computational Approaches to Syntax and Morphology by Brian Roark and Richard Sproat The Acquisition of Syntax and Morphology by Shanley Allen and Heike Behrens ISBN-10: 0199264023 0-19-926402-3 ISBN-13: 9780199264025 978-019-926402- 5 9-78-019-926402 -5 www.buy ALLbooks .com
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Competition and variation in natural languages: the case for case. Some participants are more equal than others: Case and the composition of arguments in Kuuk Thaayorre. Head marking and dependent marking of grammatical relations in Yurakar A. Case pattern splits, verb types, and construction competition. Limits to case - a critical survey of the notion. Case as feature checking and the status of predicate initial languages. (L. de Mena Travis). The case of Basque: an accusative analysis for an ergative system.Noun phrase resolution: the correlation between case and ambiguity. Changes in case marking in NP: From Old English to Middle English. The on-line resolution of subject-object ambiguities with and without case-marking in Dutch: evidence from event related brain potentials. Differential subject marking in Amharic. Differential case-marking in Hindi.
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Topics in Kashmiri Linguistics include papers related to Hindi Syntax and Semantics. The papers are contributed by Kashi Wali (WH Questioins in Marathi and Kashmiri), Kashi Wali and Ashok K. Koul (Kashmiri Clitics: The Role of Case and CASE), Kashi Wali, Omkar N. Koul (Long shadows of Ergativity in Kashmiri and Marathi), Kashi Wali, Omkar N. Koul and Ashok K. Koul (Multiple Case Marking in Kashmiri Possessive: Traditional and Modern perspective), Kashi Wali, Omkar N. Koul and Ashok K. Koul (The Significance of Topic in a V2 Language: Evidence from Kashmiri) Peter Edwin Hook and Ashok K. Koul (Under the Surface of the South Asian Linguistics Area: More on the Syntax of Derived Transitives and Causatives in Kashmiri),Prefa ce1. WH questions in Marathi and Kashmiri/Kashi Wali2. Kashmiri clitics: the role of case and CASE/Kashi Wali and Ashok K. Koul3. Long shadows of ergativity in Kashmiri and Marathi/Kashi Wali and Omkar N. Koul4. Multiple case marking in Kashmiri possessive : Traditional and Modern Perspective/Kas hi Wali, Omkar N. Koul and Ashok K. Koul5. The significance of topic in a V2 language: evidence from Kashmiri/Kashi Wali, Omkar N. Koul and Ashok K. Koul6. Under the surface of the South Asian linguistic area: more on the syntax of derived transitives and causatives in Kashmiri/Peter Edwin Hook and Ashok K. Koul7. The verb second phenomenon in Kashmiri/Achla Misri Raina8. Personal inflexions and order of clitics in Kashmiri/Estell a Del Bon9. The verb laayun is not an Exception/Peter Edwin Hook and Omkar N
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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Ergative Case, Genitive Case, Nominative Case, Accusative Case, Dative Case, Ablative Case, Vocative Case, Inessive Case, Possessive Case, Elative Case, Absolutive Case, Locative Case, Adessive Case, Illative Case, Allative Case, Partitive Case, Essive Case, Abessive Case, Comitative Case, Prolative Case, Instructive Case, Translative Case, Grammatical Case, List of Grammatical Cases, Dutch Declension, Instrumental Case, German Declension, Saxon Genitive, Lative Case, Prepositional Case, Oblique Case, Inalienable Possession, Aversive Case, Adverbial Case, Distributive-Te mporal Case, Pegative Case, Distributive Case, Terminative Case, Exessive Case, Delative Case, Nota Accusativi, Sociative Case, Equative Case, Benefactive Case, Comparative Case, Final Case, Multiplicative Case, Superessive Case, Semblative Case, Intransitive Case, Perlative Case, Direct Case, Essive-Modal Case, Essive-Formal Case, Inelative Case, Sublative Case, Intrative Case, Causal-Final Case, Antessive Case, Postessive Case, Temporal Case, Apudessive Case, Modal Case, Superlative Case, Prosecutive Case, Instrumental-Co mitative Case, Causal Case, Postelative Case, Proximative Case, Subessive Case, Ornative Case. Excerpt: In linguistics , abessive (abbreviated abe or abess ; from Latin abesse "to be distant"), caritive and privative (abbreviated priv ) are names for a grammatical case expressing the lack or absence of the marked noun. In English , the corresponding function is expressed by the preposition without or by the suffix -less. The name abessive is derived from Latin abesse "to be away/absent," and is especially used in reference to Finno-Ugric languages . The name caritive is derived from Latin carere "to lack", and is especially used in reference to Caucasian languages . The name privative is deriv...
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From the reviews:p The book is an important and valuable resource due to two factors: (i) its theoretical import concerning issues related to ergativity, and (ii) data from many endangered languages, often coming from the authors' own fieldwork. (Patrycja Jablonska, LINGUIST, June 2008)p This book contains cutting edge theoretical papers by top authors in the field, who also conduct original field work and bring new data to light. It contains articles that apply the most recent theoretical tools to the area of ergativity, and explore issues that emerge. The articles are written by linguists with expertise in bringing original data to bear on complex theoretical issues. The overall theme of the volume is the formal expression of the range and limits of ergativity. The main sections are on the nature of ergative and absolutive case, the antipassive, split ergativity, and ergativity in languages not generally considered to be ergative. Languages investigated are Basque, Chukchi, Georgian, Halkomelem Salish, Hindi, Inuktitut, Kirundi, Malagasy, Niuean, Nuumiipuut A-mt, Russian, Tongan, and Warlpiri.
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Alibris Seller - Condition: New - brand new from the saint bookstore. Assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics, understanding syntax third edition discusses and illustrates the major terms and concepts essential to the study of sentence structure in the world's languages. Word classes such as 'noun' and 'verb' are explained, and the properties of these categories are discussed. You will discover what is meant by the terms 'subject' and 'object', what a finite verb is, and what relative clauses look like. Concepts such as 'gender', 'case', and 'subordination' are introduced and exemplified, with extensive illustration from English and many other languages. Grammatical constructions and relationships within the clause are fully covered, including verb serialization, ergativity, and head- and dependent-marki ng grammars. Uses examples from a wide variety of languages to broaden your syntactical skills Includes exercises to consolidate your learning New case studies allow you to form am
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Introduces the various theories of case, and how they account for its distribution across languages.Case, a system which marks the relationships between words in a sentence, is fundamental to every language. This accessible new textbook introduces the various approaches to case that have been proposed in modern linguistics, looking at how different theories of syntax have accounted for the distribution of case across languages.Case, a system which marks the relationships between words in a sentence, is fundamental to every language. This accessible new textbook introduces the various approaches to case that have been proposed in modern linguistics, looking at how different theories of syntax have accounted for the distribution of case across languages.Case, a system which marks the relationships between words in a sentence, is fundamental to every language. Looking at how different theories of syntax have accounted for the distribution of case across languages, this accessible textbook introduces the various approaches to case that have been proposed in modern linguistics. Clearly organised into topics, it provides beginning students with a solid understanding of the ideas behind the development of theories of case. For the more advanced reader, it presents theories that have been formulated about the interaction between case morphology, argument structure, grammatical relations and semantics, and offers a detailed cross-theoretic al discussion of how these are motivated. Each chapter contains practical exercises, encouraging students to engage with the ideas discussed. Drawing on data from a wide range of languages and pooling together a variety of perspectives, Theories of Case is essential reading for all those studying this important area of linguistics.1. Introduction; 2. Foundational perspectives; 3. Grammatical relations; 4. Structural case; 5. Linking theories; 6. The ergative dragon; 7. The semantics of case; 8. All theories great and small.I am incre
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This study presents an analysis of morphological case in Finnish within the Principles and Parameters framework. Finnish has a rich system of inflection for both case and agreement, making it an important language for testing hypotheses about the relationships between morphological case and abstract Case, and Case/case and agreement. The focus of the study is a set of syntactic environments where internal DP arguments appear in nominative case, but alternate with accusative personal pronouns. Because these environments lack an external argument coindexed with agreement, the data is particularly relevant to predictions made by Burzio's Generalization. By testing the generalization against a range of sentence types, Finnish is shown to contain an ergative split within an accusative main system. The assignment of the objective cases, accusative and partitive, is linked with the licensing of aspectual roles at D-structure, and finite Tense posited as a bi-unique Case assigner. The case split then arises as the result of two case features being assigned simultaneously to an internal argument, objective Case at D-structure associated with aspect, and nominative Case at S-structure associated with finite Tense where an external argument is not available. Morphological spell-out rules for particular argument types are proposed which determine the surface case realization of doubly-case assigned nominals.
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In this study the syntactic properties of empty categories and dummy pronouns are investigated within the framework of Government-Bind ing theory.The assumption that clauses must have a subject is present in most, if not all, linguistic theories. In GB theory the requirement that clauses have a subject is stipulated as a consequence of the base rules or the Extended Projection Principle. In this book it is claimed that no such stipulation is necessary. The presence of a subject is exclusively determined by the theories of thematic roles and Case.This view is supported by the fact that the alleged dummy subjects Dutch, ie er and het, show a variety of properties, which can only be explained if they are not analyzed as dummy subjects. Further confirmation is derived from the fact that Dutch, subjectless sentences are found in precisely those circumstances in which neither -theory nor Case theory requires a subject to be present.Chapter 1 presents a theory of empty categories. This theory enables us to explain the distribution of gaps, and makes precise and correct predictions with respect to the occurrence of parasitic gaps.The non-dummy status of het, discussed in chapter 2, is supported by the fact that it can be the antecedent of PRO, reflexives, and parasitic gaps, and by an asymmetry in wh-movement from sentential complements. The analysis of het leads to a discussion of a variety of constructions, including constructions with raising, ergative, and psychological verbs.The adverbial pronoun er displays several distinct syntactic functions. In chapter 3 it is argued that none of these different functions justifies an analysis of er as a dummy subject.In chapter 4 some of the consequences of the theory introduced in the preceding chapters are investigated. These include a discussion of the status of the subject position in languages such as English, Italian, French, and Spanish, the structure of Old English, and the status of dummy pronouns in German and English.
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This book presents a critical overview of current work on linguistic features and establishes new bases for their use in the study and understanding of language. Features are fundamental components of linguistic description: they include gender (feminine, masculine, neuter); number (singular, plural, dual); person (1st, 2nd, 3rd); tense (present, past, future); and case (nominative, accusative, genitive, ergative). Despite their ubiquity and centrality in linguistic description, much remains to be discovered about them: there is, for example, no readily available inventory showing which features are found in which of the world's languages; there is no consensus about how they operate across different components of language; and there is no certainty about how they interact. This book seeks at once to highlight and to tackle these problems. It brings together perspectives from phonology to formal syntax and semantics, expounding the use of linguistic features in typology, computer applications, and logic. Linguists representing different standpoints spell out clearly the assumptions they bring to different kinds of feature and describe how they use them. Their contrasting contributions highlight the areas of difference and the common ground between their perspectives. The book brings together original work by leading international scholars. It will appeal to linguists of all theoretical persuasions.
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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Morphology, Object Agent Verb, Subject Verb Object, Linguistic Typology, Fusional Language, Isolating Language, Eurolinguistics , Centum-Satem Isogloss, Ergative-absolu tive Language, Pro-Drop Language, Word Order, Polysynthetic Language, Alien Language, Phono-Semantic Matching, Morphosyntactic Alignment, Theta Role, Subject Object Verb, Active-stative Language, Null Subject Language, East Asian Languages, Pipil Language, Synthetic Language, Linguistic Universal, Incorporation, V2 Word Order, Agglutinative Language, Miskito Language, Morphological Typology, Austronesian Alignment, Topic-Prominent Language, Direct-inverse Language, Branching, Object Verb Subject, Milewski's Typology, Nominative-accu sative Language, Non-Configurati onal Language, Verb Subject Object, Head-Marking Language, Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time, Object Subject Verb, Implicational Hierarchy, Split Ergativity, Nominative-Abso lutive Language, Syntactic Pivot, Verb Framing, Oligosynthetic Language, Accessibility Hierarchy, Zero-Marking Language, Time Manner Place, Monosyllabic Language, Dechticaetiativ e Language, Head Directionality Parameter, Covert, Dependent-Marki ng Language, Verb Object Subject, Double-Marking Language, Tripartite Language, Place Manner Time, Ucla Phonological Segment Inventory Database, Ov Language, Vo Language, Case Hierarchy. Excerpt: In linguistics , Accessibility Hierarchy is a cross-linguisti c property that relative clauses are more difficult to process in certain roles:Subject Direct Object Indirect Object Oblique Genitive Object of comparative The hierarchy was proposed by Edward L. Keenan and Bernard Comrie , with development work starting in 1972 . Similar hierarchies have been proposed for Noun Phrases , Pronominal reflexes, etc. Here are some examples of the NP ...
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aboriginal people have been in australia for at least 4000 years, speaking about 250 languages. through examination of published and unpublished materials on each of the individual languages, professor dixon surveys the ways in which the languages vary typologically and presents a profile of this long-establishe d linguistic area. the areal distribution of most features is illustrated with more than 30 maps, showing that the languages tend to move in cyclic fashion with respect to many of the parameters. there is also an index of languages and language groups. professor dixon, a pioneering scholar in the field, brings a unique perspective to this diverse and complex material. contents 1. the language situation in australia; 2. modelling the language situation; 3. overview; 4. vocabulary; 5. case and other nominal suffixes; 6. verbs; 7. pronouns; 8. bound pronouns; 9. prefixing and fusion; 10. generic nouns, classifiers, genders and noun classes; 11. ergative/accusa tive morphological and syntactic profiles; 12. phonology; 13. genetic subgroups and small linguistic area; 14. summary and conclusion. printed pages: 776. aboriginal people have been in australia for at least 4000 years, speaking about 250 languages. through examination of published and unpublished materials on each of the individual languages, professor dixon surveys the ways in which the languages vary typologically and presents a profile of this long-establishe d linguistic area. the areal distribution of most features is illustrated with more than 30 maps, showing that the languages tend to move in cyclic fashion with respect to many of the parameters. there is also an index of languages and language groups. professor dixon, a pioneering scholar in the field, brings a unique perspective to this diverse and complex material. contents 1. the language situation in australia; 2. modelling the language situation; 3. overview; 4. vocabulary; 5. case and other nominal suffixes; 6. verbs; 7. pronouns; 8. bound pronouns; 9. prefixing and fusion; 10. generic nouns, classifiers, genders and noun classes; 11. ergative/accusa tive morphological and syntactic profiles; 12. phonology; 13. genetic subgroups and small linguistic area; 14. summary and conclusion. printed pages: 776. cambridge, uk 2002 16 cms x 24 cms brand new 0521473780
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The 'subject' of a sentence is a concept that presents great challenges to linguists. Most languages have something which looks like a subject, but subjects differ across languages in their nature and properties, making them an interesting phenomenon for those seeking linguistic universals. This pioneering volume addresses 'subject' nature from a simultaneously formal and typological perspective. Dividing the subject into two distinct grammatical functions, it shows how the nature of these functions explains their respective properties, and argues that the split in properties shown in 'ergative' languages (whereby the subject of intransitive verbs is marked as an object) results from the functions being assigned to different elements of the clause. Drawing on data from a typologically wide variety of languages, including English, Hebrew, Tagalog, Inuit and Acehnese, it explains why, even in the case of very different languages, certain core properties can be found.
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Wed Jun 22 16:51:11 2011