Kanpur Information
Kanpur pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور), spelt as Cawnpore before 1948, is the twelfth-most populous city in India and largest within the state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the fifth-largest city of India in area and the second-most populous city of the Hindi-speaking belt, after Delhi .[1] It is one of the oldest industrial townships of North India.[4]
It has a metropolitan area of over 1,640 square kilometres (630 sq mi) and a city area of around 829 km2 with an approximate population of 2.9 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area while the City Population is about 2.7 million.[3] The status of the city was upgraded when it was included in the "Counter Magnets" of National Capital Region (NCR).
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History
Bibi Ghar View of Cawnpore from the Ganges river, from a painting by Rev. Henry MartynName origins
Kanpur is believed to have been founded by members of the Chandela dynasty from the state of Sachendi.[5] The city's name is believed to derive from Kanhiyapur (from the Hindi meaning "town of Kanhaiya"). During the British Raj, this was anglicised to Cawnpore. In old British maps it is also listed as Khanpur.
Others believe that the name is derived from Karnapur (meaning "town of Karna", one of the heroes of the Mahabharata). Another theory is that it came from the nearby town of Makanpur, earlier known as Khairabad, where the Sufi saint of the Madariya Sufi order, Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar, settled.[6]
Earlier history of the area
Kanpur's development is unclear until the 13th century. Although no reference to Kanpur is found in written documents before this time, the history of two of its suburbs, Jajmau and Bithoor, can be traced back to pre-13th century times. Bithoor is located about 20 km upstream from the city and is approximately 10 km from the IIT Kanpur campus. Jajmau is about 8 km east of the city and is nearly 20 km downstream from the IIT Campus. According to Hindu mythology, just after creating the universe, Lord Brahma performed the Ashvamedha at Bithoor and established a lingam there. Another legendary site at Bithoor is the Valmiki Ashram, where the famous sage Valmiki is supposed to have written the Sanskrit epic, the Ramayana. According to this epic, Queen Seeta, on being exiled by King Ramachandra of Ayodhya, spent her days in seclusion at the ashram bringing up her twin sons, Lava and Kush.
At Jajmau, there are remains of an ancient fort, now surviving as a huge mound. Recent excavations on this mound indicate that the site is very old, perhaps dating back to the Vedic age. Popular legends state that the fort belonged to Yayati, a king of the ancient Chandravanshi race.
At Shivrajpur, 20 km from the Kanpur Central railway station, there is an ancient temple built by Chandel Raja Sati Prasad in memory of his queen. This temple is supposed to have been built in a night and is situated on the banks of the Ganges. This temple is famous for its architectural work and carving designs.
Parihar rulers of Kannauj may have ruled this place for a significant part of history long before the beginning of Mughal era. Some historical accounts suggest Pratihara emperor, Mihir Bhoja, has ruled in Kanpur since nearby Kannuaj was the capital of Parihar.[7]
Founding of the settlement
Kanpur Sangrahalaya.In 1207 AD, Raja Kanti Deo of Prayag (connected to the throne of Kannauj) established the village Kohna, which later came to be known as Kanpur. Kanpur continued its association with Kannauj during the reigns of Harsha Vardhan, Mihir Bhoja, Jai Chand and early Muslim rulers through the Sur Dynasty. The first mention of Kanpur was made in 1579 during Sher Shah's regime. Up to the first half of the 18th century, Kanpur was an insignificant village.
In May 1765, Shuja-ud-daula, the Nawab of Awadh, was defeated by the British near Jajmau. From 1773 to 1801, it was part of the Oudh kingdom and then came into the hands of the British. At this time, the British realized the strategic importance of the site of Kanpur. European businessmen had, by this time, started establishing themselves in Kanpur. In order to ensure protection for their lives and property, the European business shifted the `Awadh local forces’ here in 1778. Kanpur passed into British hands under the treaty of 1801 with Nawab Saadat Ali Khan of Awadh.
Kanpur later became one of the most important military stations of British India. It was declared a district on 24 March 1803. South of Parmat were the British infantry lines and the parade grounds. Indian infantry occupied the space from the present Chunniganj to the Christ Church College. The Company Bagh was laid in 1847 and the construction of the Ganges Canal was completed in 1854.
The Kanpur Sangrahalaya/Kanpur Museum housing valuable artifacts from pre-colonial and colonial period, was established in 1999, in a section of KEM Hall, Phool Bagh Maidan.
Indian Rebellion 1857
Main article: Indian Rebellion of 1857 See also: Siege of Cawnpore Charge of the Highlanders led by General Havelock, to relieve the besieged British troops held by Indian fighters. 1858 picture of Sati Chaura Ghat on the banks of the Ganges River, where on 27 June 1857 many British men lost their lives and the surviving women and children were taken prisoner by the rebels.In the 19th century, Kanpur was an important British garrison with barracks for 7,000 soldiers. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, (known in the United Kingdom as the Indian Mutiny, known in India as the First War of Independence), 900 British were besieged in the fortifications for 22 days by rebels under Nana Sahib. They surrendered on the agreement that they would get safe passage to the nearby Satti Chaura Ghat whereupon they would board barges and be allowed to go by river to Allahabad.
Though controversy surrounds what exactly happened at the Satti Chaura Ghat, and who fired the first shot, it is known that soon afterwards, the departing British were shot at, by the rebel sepoys, and were either killed or captured. Some of the British officers later claimed that the rebels had placed the boats as high in the mud as possible, on purpose to cause delay. They also claimed that Nana Sahib's camp had previously arranged for the rebels to fire upon and kill all the English. Although the East India Company later accused Nana Sahib of betrayal and murder of innocent people, no evidence has ever been found to prove that Nana Sahib had pre-planned or ordered the massacre. Some historians believe that the Satti Chaura Ghat massacre was the result of confusion, and not of any plan implemented by Nana Sahib and his associates. Lieutenant Mowbray Thomson, one of the four male survivors of the massacre, believed that the rank-and-file sepoys who spoke to him did not know of the killing to come.
Many were killed and the remaining 200 British women and children were brought back to shore and sent to a building called the Bibighar (the ladies' home). After some time, the commanders of the rebels decided to execute their hostages. The rebel soldiers refused to carry out orders, and butchers from the nearby town were brought in to kill the hostages three days before the British entered the city on July 18. The dismembered bodies were thrown into a deep well nearby. The British under General Neill retook the city and committed a series of retaliations against the rebel Sepoys and those unfortunate civilians caught in the area, including women, children and old men. The Kanpur Massacre, as well as similar events elsewhere, were seen by the British as justification for unrestrained vengeance.[8]
The British dismantled the Bibighar and raised a memorial railing and a cross at the site of the well. In 1862, they built a church called All Souls' Cathedral in memory of those killed; renamed the Kanpur Memorial Church. This Church still stands at what was the northeast corner of Wheeler’s entrenchment. The marble gothic screen with the famous `mournful seraph’ was transferred to the churchyard after independence in 1947, and in its place a bust of Tantya Tope installed at Nana Rao Park. The well is now bricked over, but the remains of a circular ridge and 'Boodha Bargad' (Old Banyan Tree) are still there. The "Boodha Bargad" is not there anymore. Only a stone describing the Boodha Bargad is there.
Development of industries
A view of Lal Imli factory HBTI Kanpur administration buildingAfter 1857, it became an important center of the leather and textile industries. The Government Harness and Saddler Factory was started in 1860 to supply the army with leather products, followed by Cooper Allen & Co. in 1880. The first cotton textile mill, the Elgin Mills, was started in 1862 and Muir Mills in 1882, and many others that followed in the next 40 years, such as Victoria Mills and Atherton West & Co. (Atherton Mills), made Cawnpore a major textile producer.The Elgin Mills of Cawnpore was famous for its Drill Khakhi during the early/mid Twentieth Century. The Khaki cloth was famous for its colour and durability. The man behind this was the Dyeing Master Gopal Sadashiv Gogate, who died on 17 December 1942.
The British India Corporation (BIC) was headquartered here and led the development of many industries.
The first Indian business house of Cawnpore was the firm NihalChand KishoriLal, which set up a trading facility in 1857. This firm was a leader in oil milling and had many oil mills spread across North India. The Juggilal Kamlapat Singhania family launched many factories between 1930 and 1970. The Jaipuria family contributed to the patriotic cause, by building the Swadeshi Cotton Mills in response to charges that the foreign rulers were raiding India of its cotton only to sell back textiles to the residents. Kanpur was known as the "Manchester of India" during the 20th century. The NihalChand KishoriLal group (also known as Kejriwal Group) over time diversified into flour milling, tea plantations and steel. They bought the Cawnpore Flour Mills in 1942, which had been established in 1886 by Edward Foy, a Scotsman. New Cawnpore Flour Mills is at present one of the larger flour mills of North India and still managed by the same family. In 1901, with a population of 1,258,868, second only to Allahabad, the district headquarters, Kanpur was the largest trading and manufacturing centre in the United Provinces[9]
Kanpur is an important center for India's leather industry and small arms. As of now, the city owns many leather tanneries, and over a dozen Defence Ordnance Factories.
Kanpur not only has the largest population in the state but is also the second largest Industrial Hub in Northern India after New Delhi region. Traditionally Kanpur has elected Indian National Congress Representatives, whereas the party has become very weak in the state, causing the neglect of the city by the Regional Parties. The city suffers among other things, immense power cuts, even in the Industrial Zones.Therefore these lines by an unknown poet describes the condition of Kanpur today:
In a city where machines roared day in and day out, chimneys never went cold, cycles filled the roads like anything, today there is calm. There is something uneasy about this calm. Nobody talks about the mills anymore.
The British contributed to charitable causes in the city by building the Ursula Horsman Hospital, the Hallet Hospital, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, by protecting the Allen Forest (now a zoo) and many other efforts. Most of these are now renamed, though a lot of residents still call them by their old names.
Due to the industries, the pollution levels have risen dangerously high. Due to lack of proper planning, the city is equaling Delhi as a victim of congestion and overcrowding. Urban planning has yet to evolve. A recent article in the Time Asia magazine[10] says it all regarding the pollution in the city.
New industries such as detergent, saddlery, food processing, pan masala (tobacco), tea packaging, plastics and packaging, jewellery manufacturing and exports, leather processing and goods, have developed in the city. Among them, the Pan Masala industry is the largest employer in the region as well as the largest source of tax for the government. The famous brands -"Pan Bahaar" & "Pan Parag" and many others originated in the city.
Downtown
Downtown, Kanpur or The Mall is situated near Civil Lines area. The area consists of varities of buildings.It is the major economic centre of Kanpur.The area is of 10 km sq. and has a population of around 200,000.The renovation of Downtown area is carried under by JNNURM and Kanpur Municipal Corporation.Recently, musical fountains and expending of the Mall Road has taken place.Activities like protecting of Old Buildings of 19th and 20th century has taken place in the area.The RBI, BSNL, SBI, Standard Chartered Bank, LIC headquarters are situated here.There are varirties of shops, buildings and hotels situated here.The pincode of the area is 208001.
Culture
The Nana Sahib with his escort. Steel engraved print, published in History of the Indian Mutiny (late 1950s).Nestled on the banks of the eternal Ganges, Kanpur stands as one of North India’s major industrial centres with its own historical, religious and commercial importance. Believed to have been founded by king Hindu Singh of the erstwhile state of Sachendi, Kanpur was originally known as "Kanhpur". Historically, Jajmau on the eastern outskirts of present day Kanpur is regarded as one of the most archaic townships of Kanpur district. Up to the first half of the 18th century, Kanpur continued to survive as an insignificant village. Its fate, however, took a new turn soon after. In May 1765, Shuja-ud-daula, the Nawab Wazir of Awadh, was defeated by the British near Jajmau. It was probably at this time that strategic importance of the site of Kanpur was realised by the British. European businessmen had by this time gradually started establishing themselves in Kanpur. In order to ensure protection to their lives and property, the "Awadh local forces" were shifted here in 1778. Kanpur passed into British hands under the treaty of 1801 with Nawab Saadat Ali Khan of Awadh. This forms a turning point in the history of Kanpur. Soon Kanpur became one of the most important military stations of British India. It was declared a district on 24 March 1803.
Kanpur was a hotbed of change in the independence and literary movements during the 1900–1950 period. A popular shopping centre is named Navin Market, after the poet Bal Krishna Sharma aka "Navin". Later poets included Gopal Das "Niraj" who wrote songs for Hindi movies. Kanpur is also the birthplace of Shyamlal Gupta `Parshad’, composer of the famous ditty Vijayee Vishwa Tiranga Pyara. The propagation and popularization of Hindi also owes much to this city, with great Hindu literatteurs such as Acharya Mahavir Parasad Dwivedi, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, Pratap Narain Mishra and Acharya Gaya Prasad Shukla `Sanehi’. The Agricultural University is named after the revolutionary Chandrashekhar Azad and the Medical College after Ganesh Shanker Vidyarthi; both men spent much time in Kanpur. While Chandrashekhar 'Azad' shot himself when surrounded by a huge posse of British soldiers at Alfred Park, Allahabad, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi was killed during the Hindu-Muslim riots of 1931 at Machli Bazar in Kanpur.
About 25 km from Kanpur is Bithoor(Brahmavarta). Legend goes that Sita, the wife of Lord Rama came to live at the ashram of sage Valmiki, after Rama expelled her from Ayodhya. It was here that she gave birth to the twins Lava (Ramayana) and Kusha (Ramayana), and disappeared back into the earth (from where she was born) when confronted by a repentant Rama. Bithoor is also the site of the fort to which Nana Sahib escaped following the British retaking of Kanpur. Today, Bithoor is a tourist spot on the banks of the river Ganges and Kanpur is expanding very fast with new residential complexes sprouting up everywhere. Among festivals Ganga Mela is a unique festival that is celebrated in Kanpur, 7 days after the festival Holi. Colours are thrown and people greet each other before having a dip in the sacred Ganges. Music, dance and poem recitation are organised in the evening. The festival is celebrated in the memories of revolutionaries released by British government who were held prisoners during 1857 revolution.
Geography
The city's coordinates are 26.4670° North and 80.3500° East. The Government of Uttar Pradesh has carved out the new district of Kanpur Dehat from the old Kanpur Rural district. Kanpur, along with Allahabad and Fatehpur, are part of the Lower Doab, which in antiquity was known as the Vatsa country. It is surrounded by two main rivers of India, the Ganges in the northeast and the Pandu River (Yamuna) in the south. The districts surrounding Kanpur are Hamirpur in the south and Unnao in the north-east. The arid region of Bundelkhand lies just south of Kanpur. Kanpur district along with Kanpur Dehat district lie between the fertile Doab region of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers. The river Yamuna marks the boundary between the Avadh and Bundelkhand regions. Kanpur City comes under the Indo-Gangetic planes of India. There are facilities of clean drinking water. Water comes from Kanpur City by Ganges Barge and there are various pumping stations for providing water to Farmers for crops. Kanpur is situated on the left side of river Ganges and right side is Shuklaganj which is in Unnao District but is also the part of Kanpur.
Climate
Main article: Climate of Uttar PradeshKanpur features an atypical version of a humid subtropical climate that resembles the climate of Delhi to some degree. Unlike many other cities with a humid subtropical climate, Kanpur features long and very hot summers, mild and relatively short winters, dust storms and a monsoon season. Kanpur lies in northern plains of India, which witness extremes of temperature. It can drop to a minimum of 0.0°C in the winters while it goes up to 48°C in summers. Kanpur experiences severe fog in December and January, resulting in massive traffic and travel delays. In summer excessive dry heat is accompanied by dust storms and Loo, traits more commonly seen in desert climates. Rains appear between July and September almost at the end of regular monsoon season. Some rainfall is recorded during the harvest season of March–April. These extremes however, give the region an advantage of having three crops of versatile range of products. Best time to visit Kanpur is either October–November or February–March.Snowfall has never occurred in the city. There are some times Hailstones accompanied with rain in the winter season during the month of January but sometimes Hailstorms have also occurred in the months of March and April.In January 2002,the city witnessed a heavy hailstorm which left the city streets white with ice pieces and recently in 2009 when the last hailstorm was recorded. Dust storms are frequent during the months of April–June.These dust storms are sometimes accompanied with light drizzles. Such dusty winds raise the level of particulates in the atmosphere resulting in severe air pollution and increasing health hazards. Sometimes the speed of winds exceeds to more than 100 km/hr in the outer areas of the city. Kanpur City lies on left bank of the river Ganges, which is elevated very high from the river, which is the reason that the city never floods. Some of the rural outskirts of the city lie on the flood prone areas of the Ganges, and it often floods the villages on its banks during the monsoon season.The Left bank sandy areas on the banks of the Ganges are cultivated to produce summer fruits like Watermelon.The dry and Hot Loo winds help the growth of watermelon which results in its great yield.The average rainfall recorded in the city is 885 mm.
| Climate data for Kanpur | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28 (82) | 32 (90) | 41 (106) | 44 (111) | 46 (115) | 48 (118) | 41 (106) | 38 (100) | 38 (100) | 37 (99) | 33 (91) | 28 (82) | 48 (118) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 18 (64) | 26 (79) | 32 (90) | 36 (97) | 40 (104) | 42 (108) | 36 (97) | 34 (93) | 35 (95) | 32 (90) | 26 (79) | 20 (68) | 33 (91) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 6 (43) | 12 (54) | 16 (61) | 22 (72) | 27 (81) | 29 (84) | 27 (81) | 26 (79) | 25 (77) | 20 (68) | 12 (54) | 7 (45) | 15 (59) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −3 (27) | 7 (45) | 11 (52) | 15 (59) | 20 (68) | 22 (72) | 20 (68) | 18 (64) | 21 (70) | 15 (59) | 9 (48) | 0.5 (32.9) | −3 (27) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 23 (0.91) | 16 (0.63) | 9 (0.35) | 5 (0.2) | 6 (0.24) | 68 (2.68) | 208 (8.19) | 286 (11.26) | 202 (7.95) | 43 (1.69) | 7 (0.28) | 8 (0.31) | 881 (34.69) |
| Source: [11] | |||||||||||||
Surrounding districts
| Hardoi | Lucknow | Rai Bareli | ||
| Kannauj | Fatehpur | |||
| Kanpur | ||||
| Ramabai Nagar | Hamirpur | Banda |
Flora and fauna
Samtel Research and Development Building, at IIT Kanpur.Kanpur is home to many residential and migratory birds. Most of them can be spotted at Bithoor, IIT Kanpur campus and areas alongside the Ganges Canal.In the I.I.T campus there are many peacocks and wild horses. The city has Asia's biggest (area wise) zoological garden. Exotic species of flora are present at the CSA campus also.
The Kanpur zoo is famous for its cages designed to provide a natural habitat for the animals, and has a vast variety of animals. The water supply system of the zoo is a work of art, by an artist and engineer in the Sinchai Department of that time, Murari Sharan Saxena. He was also known for the design of Gates of every Dam in whole Uttar Pradesh. of that period The Zoo is a part of a lush green area - The Allen Forest Zoo, Nawabganj. The entry fee is only Rs. 15 for Indian Adult, making it the major picnic spot of the Kanpur region.
Demography
| Kanpur Population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1981 | 2,048,690 | — | |
| 1991 | 2,934,955 | 43.3% | |
| 2001 | 3,824,567 | 30.3% | |
| Est. 2010 | 5,643,786 | [12] | 47.6% |
| Source: Census of India[13] | |||
Currently the population of Kanpur is more than 5 million.The majority of Kanpur's population comprises people from Central and Western Uttar Pradesh. However, Bengalis, Punjabis and Anglo-Indians have also settled in large numbers. Hindus comprise about 76% and Muslims about 16%. There are also small groups of Sikhs, Jains, Christians and Buddhists. As per 2001 census literacy rate of Kanpur is 70.36% (60.25% for females and 71.92% for males).[14]
| Religions in Kanpur[15] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religion | Percent | |||
| Hindu | 82.7% | |||
| Muslim | 15.6% | |||
| Others | 1.7% | |||
Kanpur is situated on the banks of the river Ganges; the population was 2,551,337 as per the 2001 census. In the last decade, the population rose rapidly. One of the factors for this kind of growth can be a higher number of in-migration to Kanpur City from other areas. It ranked third after Lucknow and Varanasi in 1901, but by 1961 it assumed a position on top of the list. It has registered an increase of over five times in the course of six decades, from 197,170 in 1901 to 883,815 in 1961.[13] Kanpur has an area of about 1640 km² and is 126 meters above sea level. Languages spoken in and around Kanpur include Hindi, English, Urdu, Bengali and Punjabi. Hinduism is the most prominent religion in the city. There is a considerable number of Muslims mostly residing near Kanpur Central station and areas namely Chaman Ganj, Becon Ganj, Parade, Iftikharabad and Idgah colony,KDA colony jajmau,moti nagar. The Sikh community consists of immigrants who were displaced due to the Partition of India in 1947. They have since well established business in the city and reside in areas such as Govind Nagar, Gumti No.5, Ashok Nagar and 80 ft road. There are a small number of Christians also in Kanpur. Christ Church College and Methodist High School reflect British architecture.
Economy
The Kanpur-Lucknow National Highway (NH 25) near Jajmau. Sarvoday Nagar Apartments.Kanpur has a total GDP (PPP) of 22 billion US$ and it ranks as 9th among top 10 Industrial cities in India followed by Surat which also has GDP of around 22 billion USD but due to alphabatical order Kanpur ranks 9th.
Kanpur is one of the biggest producers of textile and leather products and they are exported in bulk. Apart from the leather and textile industries, the fertilizer, chemicals, two wheelers, soaps, pan masala, hosiery and engineering industries are also operating in the city. The private sector has also set up large units such as factories of the JK Industries group, Lohia machines, Duncans, etc.
The only unit of the Indian Institute of Pulse Research (an institute of ICAR) and one of the three units of the National Sugar Institute is situated in Kanpur which reflects the strong agrarian nature of industries here.
Kanpur was also infamous to a certain extent for being home to largest tanneries in India and the subsequent pollution they caused thereof. These tanneries were the initial source of industrial base in Kanpur during the colonial period. However owing to poor pollution record, lack of technologies and emergence of other avenues of employment has led to a slow and gradual death to these units.
Kanpur has also begun to find favour among the outsourcing sector as a favoured location with several new startups setting up shop here owing to cheaper costs and a readily available talent pool.
Kanpur has several locational advantages, i.e., location at a vantage point on two national highways, i.e., NH 2 and NH 25; raw material availability for many industries, viz. leather, food processing, plastics etc., proximity to large markets, availability of skilled manpower due to various institutes located within Kanpur (viz. Indian Institute of Technology, Chandr Shekhar Azad Agricultural University, Central Pulse Research Institute, Leather Institute etc.) and existing traditional industrial base attracting skilled workers to the city.
One of the Software Technology Parks of India is also situated in Kanpur in Awadhpuri locality. GAIL has announced to invest Rs.11,000 crore in Kanpur in the next 3 years. This will give new fillip to industrialization process in the state of U.P.With the efforts of Mr. Prakash Jaiswal, local M.P.central Govt. has sanctioned Rs. 250 crs to restart Lal Imli Mill in Kanpur . It was closed since last many years.It will again generate employment to 2500/ 3000 persons.It is also home to famous brand Ghadi Detergent powder and cake which is manufactured in Kanpur by Rohit surfactanta P.Ltd.
In Kanpur (MC), the banking services were availed by only 61 percent of the households (Census 2001). About 8 percent of the households did not possess basic assets such as vehicles (bicycles, scooter, moped, car, jeep, etc.), televisions and radios.
In a recent report on city development plan for JNNURM[13] it was mentioned that Kanpur City is surviving because of the following:
- Defence establishments like OEF, SAF and Ordnance Factory etc.
- Tanneries, which have swelled from 170 nos in 1995 to 300 in 2006
- PSU establishments like GAIL, BHEL, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Steel Authority of India Limited, Lal Imli etc.
- Factories of Companies like LML, Nerolac etc.
- Textile Industry
- Banking establishments(Regional Offices) such as State Bank of India, Reserve Bank of India, Standard Chartered Bank, UPFC etc.
- Coaching industry for Engineering and Medical Entrance Examinations, NDA, IAS/IPS etc.
- Trading activities - UP Stock Exchange
Civic administration
| Kanpur City officials | |
| Divisional Commissioner | Amit Ghosh |
| Mayor | Ravindra Patni[16] |
| District Magistrate | Dr. Hariom[17] |
Kanpur Development Authority Kanpur Development Authority (KDA) is a board for development of Kanpur.The Secretary of Kanpur Development Authority is Shakuntla Gautam. Kanpur Development Authority is responsible for making Governmental Building in Kanpur. It is also responsible for making flats etc.
Police The Kanpur City has six geographic zones, includes the Traffic Police, the City Armed Reserve, the Central Crime Branch and the City Crime Record Bureau and runs 73 police stations, including two all-women police stations.
Electricity and Water Supply Electricity in Kanpur is regulated through the Kanpur Electricity Supply Company (KESA) now KESCO, [47] while water supply and sanitation facilities are provided by the Kanpur Water Supply and Sewerage Board (KWSSB).
Media
Kanpur is home to the Dainik Jagran newspaper which is the most read Hindi Newspaper in India. Other newspapers that are widely read include Amar Ujala, Aaj, Hindustan. The English dailies published are The Times of India, Hindustan Times, Economic Times, The Pioneer, etc. There is also the Hindi and English mixed Newspaper Tabloid I-NEXT.
There are currently six FM radio stations and one All India Radio Akashwani Station being broadcast in Kanpur. The 6 FM Radio Stations are following:
- IIT Kanpur F.M. 90.4 MHz
- BIG FM 92.7 at 92.7 MHz
- Red FM at 93.5 MHz
- Radio Mirchi at 98.3 MHz
- AIR FM Rainbow India at 103.4 MHz
- Gyan Vani 105.6 MHz
- Radio City 91.1 FM
- AIR Kanpur 108.2 FM
Education
Further information: Education in Kanpur Further information: List of engineering colleges in KanpurKanpur is one of the favorable destination of education in India as many prominent universities and colleges are situated here. Chatrapati Shahau Ji Maharaj University formerly Kanpur University is one of the famous university worldwide, IIT Kanpur established in 1959 situated on Grand Trunk Road and known for field of science and technology in the country offering Graduate, Postgraduate, M.Phil and Ph.d programs, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute (HBTI), Kanpur's oldest technical institute, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Govt. Central Textile Institute, Government Leather Institute formerly known as Government Leather Working School, Krishna Institute of Technology, PSIT,Kanpur Institute of Technology(KIT),MPEC, Government Polytechnic,Brahmanand Degree College, PPN Degree College, DAV Degree College, Halim Muslim Degree College, BND College Christ Church College and GSVM Medical College are some of the popular institutes of Kanpur city. There are more than 69 Agricultural, Degree, Engineering, Management and Medical colleges in Kanpur. Apart from these there are various renowned schools (pre-primary to class XII). The oldest running is Methodist High School, Cantt. Kanpur, operating since 1876.
Sports
Green Park Stadium, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. In the background, the river Ganges can be seenCricket is the most popular sport in Kanpur. Green Park Stadium is a 60,000 capacity floodlit multi-purpose stadium located in Kanpur, and the home ground of the Uttar Pradesh cricket team.
Football field hockey and golf are also popular sports in the city.
Notable locations
"IIT Kanpur panaroma from Hall 7"Parks
Rhinoceros at the zoo- Green Park Stadium and its Modi Stadium, a cricket stadium
- Moti Jheel
- Nanarao Park
- Buddha Park
- Japanese Garden
- Mahatma Gandhi Park a.k.a Katehri Bagh, Cantonment
- Kidwai Nagar Park
- Jungle Water Park
- Company Bagh
- Phool Bagh
- Allen Forest Zoo
For more-
see Kanpur Cantonments article Parks.
Historical
JK Temple in artificial lights Massacre Ghat- Gora Kabristan, a graveyard
- Radha-Krishna Mandir, or J K Temple, a temple constructed of white marble dedicated to Krishna
- Panki Mandir, a historical temple of Lord Hanuman.
- Kherepati Temple, a well known temple of Lord Vishnu and Sheshnag.
- Anandeshwar Temple, situated on the banks of the Ganges at Parmat
- ISKON Temple, Bithur
- Bithoor, a center of Hindu pilgrimage
- Lav Kush Barrage, a barrage (weir) on the Ganges, also known as Ganges Barrage.
- Kanpur Memorial Church
- St. Patrick church
- Gandhi Hall
- Kanpur Sangrahalaya, a museum
- Jama-ul-ulum Madarsa & Masjid, Patkapur
- Habiba Masjid, Jajmau
- Jajmau Tila
- Kanpur Central
- Musanagar tila
- Bhitargaon Temple
- Sarsaiyya Ghat
- Massacre Ghat
- Saja ud daulah Mosque, Bithur
- Nanarao Fort, Bithur
- Jajmau Siddhant Ghat
- Baradevi Temple
- Boodha Bargad (Banyan) tree, a tree on which 144 Indians were hanged in the later part of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Water bodies
Entertainment
- Z Square Mall
- Rave@Moti
- Rave 3
- Mega Mall
- SouthX Mall
- A2Z Shopping Mall
- Ceramic Mall
Transportation
KMBS
A 105 km ring road has been proposed for construction by the state government for easing traffic within the city. It has been decided that the arterial road would connect Panki Bhau Singh via Sarsiya Ghat to Sarai Bhauti. Kanpur Metropolitan Bus Service is also one of the cheapest mean of transportation for commuting within the city. However, it is not planned to service most parts of the city and only a few selected routes are facilitated.
Things however are set to change with the Central Government providing the Kanpur city administration with 300 buses under JNNURM. Central Government will bear 50% cost while State Government and Nagar Nigam will bear 20% and 30% cost respectively.
Suburban bus service
The suburban bus service is run by Kanpur upnagariya parivahan sewa. Its fleet is around 120 buses. These buses cater the need of suburban towns and tehsils in Kanpur and neighbouring districts. Suburban services is from Shahid Major Salman Khan Bus Station and Rawatpur. Towns connected by Shahid Major Salman Khan Bus Station are Unnao, Fatehpur, Akbarpur, Jajmau, Chakeri, Sarsaul, Maharajpur.Towns connected by Bithoor are Bilhaur, Mandhana, Chobepur, Shivrajpur, nayi jail. It is a division of Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation.
Inter-state bus service
One of Kanpur's major bus terminals is Shahid Major Salman Khan bus station at Jhakarkatti. Another important bus station is at Rawatpur. Earlier, another bus terminal operated at Govind Puri, directly in front of the main railway station, but this has now been reestablished as a City bus depot. The move was taken to remove congestion in front of the railway station. Kanpur Lucknow Roadways Service is a very important service for commuters. The cities outside Uttar Pradesh that are covered by bus service are Jaipur, New Delhi, Gwalior, Bharatpur, Singrauli, Faridabad, Gurgaon and Dausa.
Railways
Kanpur Central (CNB) is the largest railway station of North Central RailwaysServed by Indian Railways, Kanpur is connected by trains to Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Indore, Bhopal, Farrukhabad, Jabalpur, Jamshedpur Srinagar, Jaipur, Gorakhpur, Gwalior, Pune, Surat, Lucknow and Nagpur.
Kanpur has sixteen railway stations within its city limits: Kanpur Central, Kanpur Anwarganj, Govindpuri (Kanpur South), Panki, Kanpur, Chakeri, Chandari, Rawatpur, Kalianpur (Kalyanpur), Mandhana Jn., Kanpur Bridge Left Bank, Bithoor, Ruma, Gangaghat, Unnao and Kanpur SMU CBSA. There was one more station called "Purana Kanpur" from which the first train ran in Northern India in 1859 - however now it is defunct.
Kanpur Central is the main station of Kanpur and is the largest station of North Central Railways. Kanpur Central lies as one of the most important railway stations on Delhi-Howrah Trunk Line of Indian Railways. The first Rajdhani Express of India ran via this station.
The Kanpur Metro project has been finalized, and will be completed after Lucknow Metro.
Roadways
The city has several important National Highways passing through Kanpur.
| NH No | Route | Total Length |
|---|---|---|
| NH 2 | Delhi » Mathura » Agra » Kanpur » Allahabad » Varanasi » Mohania » Barhi » Palsit » Dankuni (near Kolkata) | 2542 |
| NH 25 | Lucknow » Jajmau (Kanpur) » Jhansi » Shivpuri | 352 |
| NH 86 | Kanpur » Hamirpur » Chhatarpur » Sagar » Bhopal » Dewas | 674 |
| NH 91 | Ghaziabad » Aligarh » Etah » Kannauj » Kanpur | 405 |
The Inter State Bus Station (ISBT) of Kanpur officially named as the "Shaheed Major Salman Khan Bus Station". It is locally known as the "Jhakarkati Bus Station" enquiry number: 0512 2328381. It provides buses to important cities of India. The other bus stations are:-
- Chunniganj Depot
- Juhi aka Kidwai Nagar Depot
- Fazalganj Depot
- Rawatpur Depot
- Yashoda Nagar Depot
- Defence Colony Depot
- Jajmau Depot
- Vikas Nagar aka Azad Nagar Depot
- Azad Nagar Bus Depot
Airports
Kanpur Airport - an airport located in Chakeri city which is 13 km from Kanpur city centre serves as a major source of airways transport for Kanpurites.Air India (formerly Indian Airlines) is running a regular daily flight using a 68-seater CRJ-200 aircraft between Kanpur and Delhi domestic terminal every Monday to Saturday. Air India also launches its 70-seater CRJ-700 Jet aircraft for Delhi-Kanpur-Kolkata on May 24, 2011. Air traffic to other places in India is also yet to pick up the pace from Kanpur. Currently Lucknow's Amausi International airport is used by the people of Kanpur for travelling. After setting instrument landing system at Kanpur Airport flights will be operated to major cities like Mumbai, Ahmedabad & Bengaluru.
Trams
Main article: Trams in India#KanpurTrams were introduced in Kanpur in June 1907. The introductory stocks were single coach in Kanpur like other Indian cities (Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai), because the new mode of transport was introduced experimentally. They were electric Traction Type. Tram service closed at Kanpur on 16 May 1933.
There were 4 miles of track and 20 single-deck open trams. The single line connected the railway station with Sirsaya Ghat on the banks of the Ganges.[18]
International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in India| City | Flag | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Manchester | UK | United Kingdom |
| San Jose, California | USA | United States |
| Milwaukee | United States | |
| Osaka | Japan | |
| Yekaterinburg | Russia | |
| Faisalabad | Pakistan |
See also
- Siege of Cawnpore
- Second Battle of Cawnpore
- Renamed places in Kanpur
- Kanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)
- Education in Kanpur
Notes
- ^ a b http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b "INDIA STATS : Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. October 31, 2011. http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2011IS3. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
- ^ Free, p. 39
- ^ Bhargava, p. 451
- ^ Suvorova, Anna Aronovna (2004). Muslim saints of South Asia: the eleventh to fifteenth centuries- Volume 14 of RoutledgeCurzon Sūfī series. Routledge. p. 171. ISBN 0415317649. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=MXIrbg5yU84C&pg=PA171&lpg=PA171&dq=Badiuddin+Zinda+Shah+Madar&source=bl&ots=OZntBYmS_v&sig=0NTvq2NfmrmrKO0ipIS_hg-TZYg&hl=en&ei=DzCQSue_LpTG6QOPisXZCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
- ^ Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar. A history of India (4, illustrated ed.). Routledge, 2004. pp. 432 pages. ISBN 0-415-32920-5, ISBN 978-0-415-32920-0. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=V73N8js5ZgAC&pg=PA163&dq=gurjara+pratihara&ei=hpIPS_fhOqDAzQT85pXrDA#v=onepage&q=gurjara%20pratihara%20kanauj&f=false. "In 9th century the Pratiharas kings, Bhoja (836-885) and Mahendrapala (885-910), proved to be more powerful than their contemporaries of the other two dynasties whom they defeated several times. Kannauj then emerged as the main focus of power in India."
- ^ Dalrymple, W. 2007. The Last Mughal. The Fall of a Dynasty: Delhi, 1857, Alfred Knopf, New York
- ^ "Allahabad District". The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Official website. 1901. p. v. 5, p. 227.. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/.
- ^ Running Out of Breath. Time Asia, October 2, 2006
- ^ "Kanpur". http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/kanpur.htm. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
- ^ "trueknowledge.com". http://www.trueknowledge.com/q/population_of_kanpur_2010.
- ^ a b c "Kanpur City Development Plan Under JNNURM". JNNURM - Demography. pp. 3–13. http://www.rcueslko.org/jnnurm/Kanpur/3%20Chapter%203%20-%20Demography.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
- ^ "CENSUS-2001 : Final Figures: Uttar Pradesh: Literacy Rates by Sex for State and Districts". Upgov.nic.in. http://upgov.nic.in/upinfo/census01/cen01-5.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-26.
- ^ "Census GIS Household". Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/Religion_WhizMap1/housemap.htm. Retrieved 2006-04-26.
- ^ "S.K. Nataraj elected Mayor of Kanpur". The Hindu. 2010-04-24. http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/24/stories/2010042461670100.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ Meshram_is_top_city_cop/articleshow/3220465.cms "Mukesh Meshram is top city cop". The Times of India. 2008-07-11. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Kanpur/Mukesh_ Meshram_is_top_city_cop/articleshow/3220465.cms. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
- ^ Trams In Kanpur. http://www.tramz.com/tva/in.html
- ^ "235 Related Topics about Kanpur.". http://www.servinghistory.com/topics/Kanpur. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ "Presentation on the City of Kanpur, India relative to establishing a friendly exchange leading to a sister city relationship with the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, given by Dr. Pradeep K. Rohatgi.". http://milwaukee.legistar.com/MeetingDetail.aspx?ID=173633&GUID=9230474B-A34F-4360-974A-DF7F0EF0E344&Search=. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ "235 Related Topics about Kanpur.". http://www.servinghistory.com/topics/Kanpur. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ "178 Related Topics about Yekaterinburg.". http://www.servinghistory.com/topics/Yekaterinburg::sub::International_Relations. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
References
- Singh, Harihar (1972). Kanpur: a study in urban geography. Indrasini Devi.
- Free Trade Unions, International Confederation for (1989). "7. Kanpur - The Experience in Textile Industry". Employment and structural change in Indian industries: a trade union viewpoint, Vol. 1. International Labour Organization. ISBN 9221067092. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=UQtAbcCsh-gC&pg=PA39&dq=Kanpur&lr=&cd=15#v=onepage&q=Kanpur&f=false.
- Singh, Surendra Nath (1990). Planning & development of an industrial town: a study of Kanpur. Mittal Publications. ISBN 8170992419. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=lmfb38bD-wgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Kanpur&lr=&cd=11#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- Bhargava, Gopal K. (Ed.); Shankarlal C. Bhatt (2005). Land and people of Indian states and union territories, 28. Uttar Pradesh. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 8178353849. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=FCG5hGZ-hJsC&pg=PA451&dq=moti+jheel+kanpur&lr=&cd=15#v=onepage&q=moti%20jheel%20kanpur&f=false.
- Silas, Sandeep (2005). "44. Manchester of the East: Kanpur". Discover India by Rail. Sterling Publishers. ISBN 8120729390. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=gL7pGaL3vooC&pg=PT151&dq=moti+jheel+kanpur&cd=8#v=onepage&q=moti%20jheel%20kanpur&f=false.
External links
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kanpur |
- Kanpur Yellow Pages
- Kanpurites Message Board
- Kanpur Classified
- Kanpur city portal
- Kanpur Dehat portal
- Kanpur City Latest Updates
- Kanpur Satellite Map
- Kanpur public portal
Categories:
- Kanpur
- Cities and towns in Kanpur district
- Places of Indian Rebellion of 1857
- 1207 establishments
- Metropolitan cities in India
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Times of India
allahabad: Due to the remodelling of Kanpur yard with modernized signalling, several trains have been fully and partially cancelled. ...
Train traffic re-routed as upgradation work in progress Times of India
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