Mixture
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In chemistry, a mixture is a material system made up by two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically. Mixture refers to the physical combination of two or more substances the identities of which are retained and are mixed in the form of alloys, solutions, suspensions, and colloids. Mixtures are the product of a mechanical blending or mixing of chemical substances like elements and compounds, without chemical bonding or other chemical change, so that each ingredient substance retains its own chemical properties and makeup. Despite that there are no chemical changes to its constituents, the physical properties of a mixture, such as its melting point, may differ from those of the components. Some mixtures can be separated into their components by physical (mechanical or thermal) means. Azeotropes can be considered as a kind of mixture which usually pose considerable difficulties regarding the separation processes required to obtain their constituents (physical or chemical processes or, even a blend of them). Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous mixture is a type of mixture in which the composition is uniform. A heterogeneous mixture is a type of mixture in which the components can easily be identified, as there are two or more phases present. Air is a homogeneous mixture of the gaseous substances nitrogen, oxygen, and smaller amounts of other substances. Salt, sugar, and many other substances dissolve in water to form homogeneous mixtures. A homogeneous mixture in which there is both a solute and solvent present is also a solution. The following table shows the main properties of the three families of mixtures. Solution Colloid Coarse dispersion Mixture homogeneity Homogeneous Visually homogeneous but microscopically heterogeneous Heterogeneous Particle size < 1 nanometer between 1 nanometer and 1 micrometer > 1 micrometer Physical stability Yes Yes No: needs stabilizing agents Tyndall effect No Yes Yes Separates by centrifugation No Yes Yes Separates by decantation No No YesThe following table shows examples of the three types of mixtures. Dissolved or dispersed phase Continuous medium Solution Colloid Coarse dispersion Gas Gas Gas mixture: air (oxygen and other gases in nitrogen) None None Liquid Gas None Aerosols of liquid particles: fog, mist, vapor, hair sprays Aerosol Solid Gas None Aerosols of solid particles: smoke, cloud, air particulates Solid aerosol: dust Gas Liquid Solution: oxygen in water Liquid foam: whipped cream, shaving cream Foam Liquid Liquid Solution: alcoholic beverages Emulsion: miniemulsion, microemulsion Emulsion: milk, mayonnaise, hand cream Solid Liquid Solution: sugar in water Liquid sol: pigmented ink, blood Suspension: mud (soil, clay or silt particles are suspended in water), chalk powder suspended in water Gas Solid Solution: hydrogen in metals Solid foam: aerogel, styrofoam, pumice Foam: dry sponge Liquid Solid Solution: amalgam (mercury in gold), hexane in paraffin wax Gel: agar, gelatin, silicagel, opal Wet sponge Solid Solid Solution: alloys, plasticizers in plastics Solid sol: cranberry glass Gravel, graniteFrom Wikipedia under the
GNU Free Documentation License Nounmixture (plural mixtures)
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Q. Two 600ml pitchers contain orange juice. One pitcher is 1/3 full and the other pitcher is 2/5 full. Water is added to fill each pitcher completely, then both pitchers are poured into one large container. What fraction of the mixture in the large container is orange juice? Asked by moikiss16 - Sun Oct 28 10:25:44 2007 - Mathematics - 6 Answers - Comments A. 85/300 Answered by Professor Sheed - Sun Oct 28 10:28:05 2007 From Yahoo Answer Search: "mixture" |
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