The Minato Mirai 21 district of Yokohama, showing the Landmark Tower and surrounding buildings.
Yokohama (横浜市, Yokohama-shi?) is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture Kanagawa Prefecture is a prefecture located in the southern Kantō region of Honshū, Japan. The capital is Yokohama. Kanagawa is part of the Greater Tokyo Area. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region The Kantō region is a geographical area of Honshū, the largest island of Japan. The region encompasses seven prefectures which overlaps the Greater Tokyo Area: Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Saitama, Tokyo, Chiba, and Kanagawa. Within its boundaries, slightly more than 40 percent of the land area is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and of the main island of Honshū Honshū (本州?, literally "Main State") or Honshu is the largest island of Japan. The nation's main island, it is south of Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyūshū across the Kanmon Strait. It is the seventh largest island, and the second most populous island in the world. It is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area The Greater Tokyo Area is a large metropolitan area in Japan consisting of most of the prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, Saitama, and Tokyo . In Japanese, it is referred to by various terms, including the Tokyo Area (東京圏, Tōkyō-ken?), National Capital Region (首都圏, Shuto-ken?), One Metropolis, Three Prefectures (一都三県, Itto.
Yokohama's population of 3.6 million makes it Japan Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters which make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which's largest incorporated city A city is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi?) and villages (村, mura?), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun?). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.[1]
Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan's prominent port city following the end of Japan's relative isolation in the mid-19th century, and is today one of its major ports A port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. They are usually found at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake. Ports often have cargo-handling equipment such as cranes and forklifts for use in loading/unloading of ships, which may be provided by private interests or public bodies. Often, canneries or other processing along with Kobe Kobe is the sixth-largest city in Japan and is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture and a prominent port city in Japan with a population of about 1.5 million. The city is located in the Kansai region of Japan and is part of the Keihanshin (京阪神, Keihanshin?) metropolitan area. Kobe is classified as one of Japan's biggest ballers seventeen, Osaka Osaka listen (help·info) is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of Honshū, Nagoya Located on the Pacific coast in the Chūbu region on central Honshū, it is the capital of Aichi Prefecture and is one of Japan's major ports along with those of Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Yokohama, Chiba, and Hakata. It is also the center of Japan's third largest metropolitan region, known as the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area. As of 2000, Chūkyō, Hakata Hakata-ku is one of the wards of Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is best known as the location of Fukuoka's main train station, Hakata Station, Tokyo Tokyo , officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to?), is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and is located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. The twenty-three special wards of Tokyo, each governed as a city, cover the area that was once the city of Tokyo in the eastern part of the prefecture, totalling over 8 million people, and Chiba Chiba is the capital city of Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is located approximately 40 km east of the center of Tokyo on Tokyo Bay. Chiba City became a government designated city in 1992. Its population as of 2008 is approximately 960,000.
Yokohama's foreign population of nearly 75,000 includes Chinese Categories: Chinese people | Victims of Communist repressions in China | , Koreans Atheism, Irreligion, Mahayana Buddhism, Christianity, Cheondoism. Background of Confucianism and Korean shamanism, Filipinos Filipino is the national language of the Philippines and, along with English, is an official language; designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Filipino is an Austronesian language that is based on the existing native language Tagalog with a plethora of Spanish words in the vocabulary. In fact, about 40% of everyday Tagalog conversation is, and Brazilians Brazilians are all people born in Brazil. A Brazilian can be also a person born abroad from a Brazilian parent or a foreigner living in Brazil who applied for the Brazilian citizenship. The vast majority of Brazilians live in Brazil, although there are significant Brazilian communities in Paraguay, the United States, Japan, and Europe.[2] Among the attractions are festivals and events.[3]
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History
| This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be and removed. (March 2008) |
Yokohama was a small fishing village up to the end of the feudal Edo period The Edo period , or Tokugawa period (徳川時代, Tokugawa jidai?), is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 and is the premodern era. The period marks the governance of the Edo or Tokugawa shogunate, which was officially established in 1603 by the first Edo shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period ended with the Meiji Restoration,, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion Sakoku was the foreign relations policy of Japan under which no foreigner could enter nor could any Japanese leave the country on penalty of death. The policy was enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate under Tokugawa Iemitsu through a number of edicts and policies from 1633-1639 and remained in effect until 1853 with the arrival of Commodore Matthew, having little contact with foreigners. A major turning point in Japanese history happened in 1853–54, when Commodore Matthew Perry Matthew Calbraith Perry was the Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854 arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and the Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Tokugawa bakufu and the Edo bakufu (江戸幕府?), was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which now is called Tokyo. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from agreed by signing the Treaty of Peace and Amity.[4]
It was initially agreed that one of the ports to be opened to foreign ships would be the bustling town of Kanagawa-juku (in what is now Kanagawa Ward) on the Tōkaidō, a strategic highway that linked Edo Edo , literally: bay-door, "estuary", pronounced [edo]), also romanized as Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo, and was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world and the site of a vibrant urban to Kyoto Although archaeological evidence places the first human settlement on the islands of Japan to approximately 10,000 BC, relatively little is known about human activity in the area before the 6th century AD. During the 8th century, when the powerful Buddhist clergy became involved in the affairs of the Imperial government, the Emperor chose to and Osaka Osaka listen (help·info) is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of Honshū. However, the Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Tokugawa bakufu and the Edo bakufu (江戸幕府?), was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which now is called Tokyo. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from decided that Kanagawa-juku was too close to the Tōkaidō for comfort, and port facilities were instead built across the inlet in the sleepy fishing village of Yokohama. The Port of Yokohama The Port of Yokohama is operated by the Port and Harbor Bureau of the City of Yokohama in Japan. It opens onto Tokyo Bay. The port is located at a latitude of 35.19.–29°N and a longitude of 139.37–45°E. To the south lies the Port of Yokosuka; to the north, the ports of Kawasaki and Tokyo was opened on 2 June 1859.
Landing of Commodore Perry Matthew Calbraith Perry was the Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854, officers, and men of the squadron to meet the Imperial commissioners at Yokohama 14 July 1853. Lithograph by Sarony & Co., 1855, after Wilhelm Heine.Yokohama quickly became the base of foreign trade in Japan. Japan's first English language newspaper, the Japan Herald, was first published there in 1861. Foreigners occupied a district of the city called "Kannai" (関内, "inside the barrier"), which was surrounded by a moat A moat is deep, broad trench, usually filled with water, that surrounds a structure, installation, or town, historically to provide it with a preliminary line of defense, and were protected by their extraterritorial Extraterritoriality is the state of being exempt from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations. Extraterritoriality can also be applied to physical places, such as military bases of foreign countries, or offices of the United Nations. Contrary to common belief embassies and consulates are not extraterritorial status both within and outside the moat. Many individuals crossed the moat, causing a number of problems. The Namamugi Incident, one of the events that preceded the downfall of the shogunate, took place in what is now Tsurumi Ward in 1862; Ernest Satow described it in A Diplomat in Japan.
After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the port was developed for trading silk, the main trading partner being Great Britain. Many Western influences first reached Japan in Yokohama, including Japan's first daily newspaper (1870) and first gas-powered street lamps (1872). Japan's first railway was constructed in the same year to connect Yokohama to Shinagawa and Shinbashi in Tokyo. In the same year, Jules Verne set Yokohama, which he had never visited, in an episode of his widely-read Around the World in Eighty Days, capturing the atmosphere of a fast-developing, Western-oriented Japanese city.
Foreign ships in Yokohama harbor. A foreign trading house in Yokohama in 1861.In 1887, a British merchant, Samuel Cocking, built the city's first power plant. At first for his own use, this coal-burning plant became the basis for the Yokohama Cooperative Electric Light Company. The city was officially incorporated on 1 April 1889.[5] By the time the extraterritoriality of foreigner areas was abolished in 1899, Yokohama was the most international city in Japan, with foreigner areas stretching from Kannai to the Bluff area and the large Yokohama Chinatown.
The early 20th century was marked by rapid growth of industry. Entrepreneurs built factories along reclaimed land to the north of the city toward Kawasaki, which eventually grew to be the Keihin Industrial Area. The growth of Japanese industry brought affluence, and many wealthy trading families constructed sprawling residences there, while the rapid influx of population from Japan and Korea also led to the formation of Kojiki-Yato, then the largest slum in Japan.
Much of Yokohama was destroyed on 1 September 1923 by the Great Kantō earthquake. The Yohohama police reported casualties at 30,771 dead and 47,908 injured, out of a pre-earthquake population of 434,170.[6] Fuelled by rumours of rebellion and sabotage, vigilante mobs thereupon murdered many Koreans in the Kojiki-yato slum.[7] Many people believed that Koreans used black magic to cause the earthquake. Martial law was in place until 19 November. Rubble from the quake was used to reclaim land for parks, the most famous being the Yamashita Park on the waterfront which opened in 1930.
Yokohama was rebuilt, only to be destroyed again by thirty-odd U.S. air raids during World War II. An estimated seven or eight thousand people were killed in a single morning on 29 May 1945 in what is now known as the Great Yokohama Air Raid, when B-29s firebombed the city and in just one hour and nine minutes reduced 42% of it to rubble.[5]
During the Korean War, the United States Navy used Yokohama's port as a transshipment base. This ship departed Yokohama in 1951, carrying war dead home to the U.S.During the American occupation, Yokohama was a major transshipment base for American supplies and personnel, especially during the Korean War. After the occupation, most local U.S. naval activity moved from Yokohama to an American base in nearby Yokosuka.
The city was designated by government ordinance on September 1, 1956.
The city's tram and trolleybus system was abolished in 1972, the same year as the opening of the first line of Yokohama Municipal Subway.
Construction of Minato Mirai 21 ("Port Future 21"), a major urban development project on reclaimed land, started in 1983. Minato Mirai 21 hosted the Yokohama Exotic Showcase in 1989, which saw the first public operation of maglev trains in Japan and the opening of Cosmo Clock 21, then the largest Ferris wheel in the world. The 860m-long Yokohama Bay Bridge opened in the same year.
In 1993, Minato Mirai saw the opening of the Yokohama Landmark Tower, the tallest building in Japan.
The 2002 FIFA World Cup final was held in June at the International Stadium Yokohama.
In 2009, the city will mark the 150th anniversary of the opening of the port and the 120th anniversary of the commencement of the City Administration. An early part in the commemoration project incorporates the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) which was held in Yokohama in May 2008.
Historical population
| This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be and removed. (February 2009) |
| Year of census | Population | Rank among cities in Japan |
|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 422,942 | 6th, behind Kobe, Kyoto, Nagoya, Osaka and Tokyo |
| 1925 | 405,888 | 6th |
| 1930 | 620,306 | 6th |
| 1935 | 704,290 | 6th |
| 1940 | 968,091 | 5th, surpassing Kobe |
| 1945 | 814,379 | 4th, the city government of Tokyo having been disbanded in 1943 |
| 1950 | 951,189 | 4th |
| 1955 | 1,143,687 | 4th |
| 1960 | 1,375,710 | 3rd, surpassing Kyoto |
| 1965 | 1,788,915 | 3rd |
| 1970 | 2,238,264 | 2nd, surpassing Nagoya |
| 1975 | 2,621,771 | 2nd |
| 1980 | 2,773,674 | 1st, surpassing Osaka[8] |
| 1985 | 2,992,926 | 1st |
| 1990 | 3,220,331 | 1st |
| 1995 | 3,307,136 | 1st |
| 2000 | 3,426,651 | 1st |
| 2005 | 3,579,133 | 1st |
Economy
The city has a strong economic base, especially in the shipping, biotechnology, and semiconductor industries. Nissan will move its headquarters to Yokohama from Chūō, Tokyo by 2010.[9]
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Transport
Yokohama is serviced by the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, a high-speed rail line with a stop at Shin-Yokohama Station. Yokohama Station is also a major station, with two million passengers daily. The Yokohama Municipal Subway provides metro services.
| This section requires expansion. |
Places of interest
Yokohama Marine TowerThe historic port area is Kannai. Next to the waterfront Yamashita Park is Yokohama Marine Tower, the tallest inland lighthouse in the world.[10] Further inland lies Yokohama Chinatown, the largest Chinatown in Japan and one of the largest in the world. Nearby is Yokohama Stadium, the Silk Center, and the Yokohama Doll Museum.[11] The Isezakichō and Noge areas offer many colourful shops and bars that, with their restaurants and stores catering to residents from China, Thailand, South Korea, and other countries, have an increasingly international flavour.
The small but fashionable Motomachi shopping area leads up to Yamate, or "The Bluff" as it used to be known, a 19th/early 20th century Westerners' settlement overlooking the harbour, scattered with foreigners' mansions. A foreigners' cemetery and the Harbour View Park (港の見える丘公園, Minato no mieru oka kōen) is in the area. Within the park are a rose garden and the Kanagawa Museum of Modern Literature (神奈川近代文学館, Kanagawa kindai bungakkan).
There are various points of interest in the futuristic Minato Mirai 21 harbourside redevelopment. The highlights are the Landmark Tower which is the tallest building in Japan, Queen's Square Yokohama (a shopping mall) and the Cosmo Clock 21, which was the largest Ferris wheel in the world when it was built in 1989 and which also doubles as "the world's biggest clock".
The Shin-Yokohama district, where the Shinkansen station is located, is some distance away from the harbour area, and features the 17,000 capacity Yokohama Arena, the Shin-Yokohama Raumen Museum, and Nissan Stadium, known as the International Stadium Yokohama when it was the setting for the final for the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
The city is home to the Central League baseball team, the Yokohama BayStars, and the soccer teams, Yokohama F. Marinos and Yokohama F.C.
Politics and government
The Yokohama Municipal Assembly consists of 92 members elected from 18 Wards. The LDP has minority control with 30 seats with Democratic Party of Japan with a close 29. The mayor is Hiroshi Nakada.
Wards
A Map of Yokohama's Wards.Yokohama has 18 wards (ku):
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Sister cities
Yokohama has sister-city relationships with these eight cities worldwide:[12]
- Constanţa, Romania
- Lyon, France
- Manila, Philippines
- Mumbai, India
- Odessa, Ukraine
- San Diego, United States
- Shanghai, China
- Vancouver, Canada
Education
Yokohama ChinatownPublic elementary and middle schools are operated by the city of Yokohama. There are nine public high schools which are operated by the Yokohama City Board of Education,[13] and a number of public high schools which are operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education.
Yokohama in fiction
- Events of Ashinano Hitoshi's manga Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō unfolds in Kanagawa prefecture with some chapters involving visits to Yokohama.
- Two successful Godzilla films feature Yokohama and the famous clock (being destroyed): Godzilla vs. Mothra and GMK.
- Digimon Savers is set in Yokohama.
- James Clavell's book Gai-Jin main setting is in historical Yokohama.
Notes
- ^ Tokyo is no longer a single incorporated city. See Tokyo for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.
- ^ 横浜市統計ポータルサイト ハンディ統計 ("Yokohama-shi Statistics Portal Site Handy Statistics") Retrieved on February 7, 2009
- ^ "Things to do in the city of Yokohama". Learnjapaneselanguage.co.uk. 2007-05-12. http://www.learnjapaneselanguage.co.uk/articles/15/things-to-do-in-the-city-of-yokohama.php. Retrieved on 2009-05-06.
- ^ Official Yokohama city website
- ^ a b Interesting Tidbits of Yokohama[History of Yokohama] Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau Retrieved on February 7, 2009
- ^ Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 143.
- ^ Hammer, pp. 149-170.
- ^ Osaka was once more populous than Yokohama is today.
- ^ "Nissan To Create New Global and Domestic Headquarters in Yokohama City by 2010". Japancorp.net. http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=7647. Retrieved on 2009-05-06.
- ^ Sabin, Burritt (2002-03-17), "Yokohoma vs. Kobe: bright lights, big beacons", The Japan Times, http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20020317a6.html, retrieved on 2008-01-29
- ^ Official Yokohama city website (English)
- ^ Interesting Tidbits of Yokohama[Sister ports/Sister Cities] (Official web site of Yokohama, retrieved on April 15, 2009)
- ^ Official Yokohama city website
References
- Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. 10-ISBN 0-743-26465-7; 13-ISBN 978-0-743-26465-5 (cloth)
- Heilbrun, Jacob. "Aftershocks," New York Times. September 17, 2006.
External links
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Yokohama |
- Official website (English)
- Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau (English)
- Wikitravel: Yokohama
- At the Future PortYokohama’s Minato Mirai 21 is an ultra-modern port… a far cry from its origins as a small fishing village, a travel report by Vinod Jacob 06 Jul 2007
- Yokohama guide in Pictures ( Minato Mirai, Chinatown, Yamashita park, Sakuragicho, Stadium, Cosmo World )
- National Archives of Japan, Digital Gallery: Marine survey chart: Yokohama harbor, published 1874
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Categories: Coastal settlements | Port settlements in Japan | Yokohama | Coastal settlements in Japan
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